Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Anti-Acne Gel Containing Ethanol Extract of Avocado Leaves (Persea americana Mill.) Against Staphylococcus epidermidis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dhps.v4i1.3885Keywords:
Anti-acne gel, Persea americana Mill, ethanol extract, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus epidermidisAbstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder associated with bacterial colonization, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, which contributes to acne lesion development. The increasing concern regarding antibiotic resistance has encouraged the exploration of natural antibacterial agents from medicinal plants. This study aimed to formulate an anti-acne gel containing ethanol extract of avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ethanol extract was obtained using the maceration method and subjected to phytochemical screening. The antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using the microdilution method. The extract was subsequently formulated into gel preparations and evaluated for physical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method. The results showed that avocado leaf ethanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity with an MIC value of 64,000 µg/mL, while the MBC was not determined within the tested concentrations. The formulated gels met the physical quality requirements, with inhibition zones of 15.0 ± 1.7 mm and 11.0 ± 3.6 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis for Formula I and Formula II, respectively. In conclusion, ethanol extract of avocado leaves can be incorporated into an anti-acne gel preparation with acceptable physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus epidermidis. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the development of plant-based topical formulations as potential alternatives for acne management.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Dinda Sari Utami, Haris Munandar Nasution, Zulmai Rani, Nur Aini Khairunnisa, Halimah Raina Nasution
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