Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan dengan Kepemilikan Asing sebagai Moderasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jafm.v6i3.2255Keywords:
Financial Statement Fraud (FSF), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Independent Commissioners (KI), Audit Committee Meeting Intensity (IRKA), Foreign Ownership Structure (FOS), Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), Panel Regression, Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA), Agency TheoryAbstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh Komisaris Independen (KI) dan Intensitas Rapat Komite Audit (IRKA) terhadap Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan (FSF) pada perusahaan sektor batu bara di Indonesia, dengan Struktur Kepemilikan asing (FOS) sebagai variabel moderasi. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah munculnya kasus manipulasi laporan keuangan pada emiten besar seperti PT Bumi Resources dan PT Adaro Energy, yang menunjukkan kelemahan fundamental dalam penerapan Tata Kelola Perusahaan (GCG). Menggunakan data panel dari laporan tahunan 2019–2024 yang terdiri dari 223 observasi perusahaan batu bara di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), penelitian ini mengimplementasikan metode Regresi Panel dan Analisis Modek Regresi (MRA) berbasis Random Effect Model. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa KI dan IRKA secara parsial justru berpengaruh positif terhadap FSF, menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan pengawasan formal belum cukup mencegah fraud bila tidak disertai integritas dan efektivitas substantif. Sementara itu, FOS sebagai variabel moderasi memperkuat pengaruh negatif GCG terhadap FSF, meskipun interaksi FOS dengan KI dan IRKA secara simultan terbukti efektif menurunkan risiko fraud. Temuan ini memperkuat kerangka Teori Keagenan, Teori Segitiga Kecurangan, dan Teori Pemangku Kepentingan, serta mendorong pentingnya penguatan struktur pengawasan yang adaptif terhadap tekanan eksternal dan kompleksitas industri ekstraktif. Penelitian ini berkontribusi signifikan dengan mengintegrasikan model F-Score dan moderasi FOS dalam kajian FSF.
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