Analysis of Living Organism in Arabic Vocabulary Meaning Perspective Biology and Lexical Meaning

: Most of Arabs people has spoken Arabic for communication. The Arabic word has a meaning to express feelings and interact socially. Lexical meaning in Arabic word has related to a specific of gender and a characteristic of living organism. The purpose of this study was to observed several meanings from the Arabic words and their relationship. In this study, semantic approach are used to analyze words lexically to find the meanings that indicate the characteristics and gender of living organism. The study found that the Arabic word has a real and a derivative meaning. As in the word father which in Arabic means Al-Abu, but it has a derivative meaning rooster. A rooster have similar character and behavior as a father in the role of the group and family member. Derivative meaning and reak meaning show that have a close relationship observed from characteristic and behavior of a living organism.


INTRODUCTION
Language is a human communication tool consisting of word expressions that have meaning to express human ideas and thoughts.Language is also a phonological phenomenon that has a social function as a tool to communicate with one another (Gheibi & Jahangiri Asl, 2019).This is as expressed by functional linguists that in human activities language is used for diverse functions.Therefore, the basis of functional linguistic research is the disclosure of the characteristics and features of language that make the communication process by its function (Taghanaki, Khazali, & Maleki, 2019).Language helps humans to interact with each other and can coexist with other humans in a way that is mutually beneficial and provides welfare for human life in the world.Language has an important role in human social life because language affects one's perception of how they see the world (Yonata & Mujiyanto, 2017).
Language, as an expression, is used by humans as a tool for interaction (Suastini & Ardiantari, 2019).In other words, language is a word that is spoken or written (Izzan, 2015).Language is also mean by communications that are used daily as a symbol of culture (Akmaliyah, 2019).According to the opinion which states that language is a collection of communication codes produced by someone, meaning that language is the result of the use of grammar manipulation in one's mind so that variations can arise from one language due to different sources of thought (Farghal & Kalakh, 2017).Language is "a system of arbitrary, vocal, symbol, which permit all people in a given culture or other people who have learned the system of the culture to communicate" (Strurtevant, 2007).Arabic is the word spoken or written by most Arabs.Arabic is used by Arabs as a tool.Based on this definition, it can be understood that language and culture are two sides of an inseparable coin.In other words, if a person learns a language, he learns the culture of the country where the language is used, and vice versa.
In Arabic as well as other languages, language is an expression of culture, and vice versa culture is expressed in language.Arabic is the word spoken or written by most Arabs.Arabic is used by Arabs as a tool for communication.Arabic is a sentence used by Arabs for expressing feelings and for communicating, interact socially, orally, and writing (al-Ghalayyin, 2005), but nowadays Arabic is such a global language, Arabic is not only by Arabic native speaker but many people around the world speaking Arabic fr communicating and writing.Arabic has the same characteristics as a living organism that unlimited biodiversity.A living organism is composed of organ systems, the organ system is composed of organs, the organs composed of tissue, and a tissue composed of cells.Arabic has the words can stand-alone and the words related each other can not be separated as like as cells and its content in a living organism, in a semantic study such as " ‫"كتب‬ (write) -‫"كاتب"‬ (writer) -" ‫"مكتوب‬ (written) -‫"كاتبه"‬ (writing) there are meaning and its relationship between a word that comes from the same root.
Likewise, with the Arabic words which have several meanings of certain words.Ahmad Oueini says and he quotes from Dakwar, Arab has two varieties of language, there are fusha and ammiya (Oueini, Awada, & Kaissi, 2020).Fusha is a universal standard of classical Arabic utilized in both oral and written expression for formal communication while ammiya is utilized for colloquial speech.Fusha is found in various Arabic dictionaries.In the dictionary, you will find several vocabularies with various meanings, core meanings, and derivative meanings.The core meaning is the original understanding of the vocabulary, while the derivative meaning is the meaning that may have a relationship with the core meaning.
According to Owens, Arabic is divided into 3 parts based on its type, there are classical Arabic, standard Arabic, and spoken Arabic (Souadkia, 2017).The age differences that underlie the differences between classical and modern Arabic.Just as classical Arabic was used by people living in the pre-Islamic era, as a language for poetry, and literature until it flourished in the golden age of Islam and Arabic scholarship such as the language of the Quran and ancient Arabic books.Neither with standard Arabic, better known as modern Arabic, which emerged when the Renaissance period ended, which is currently used by countries that predominantly use Arabic as the official language, academic environment, educational materials such as books and articles, and the realm of news broadcasting.Also, Arabic is used as an official language in 19 countries including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Iraq, Algeria, Qatar, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Libya, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Yemen, Jordan, Bahrain, Palestine, and Mauritania (Laza, 2018).
Related to expression in Arabic culture or otherwise, something interest to discuss in this paper is to study the words and their meaning.Words are a form of feeling and thought released by the language.Each word has a specific meaning but it can be there several meanings and cognition.Especially in Arabic, if two words come from one element or the same root word, then the connection of meaning between the two words can be found.Likewise, the relation of words with the gender associated with the word, masculine gender (muẓakkar) has a relation between meaning and character, masculine behavior in general, and vice versa for feminine gender words (muannas).On the other hand, syntactically the combinations formed between words based on real relationships, between words can express the real meaning of words (Amirifar & Mottaqizadeh, 2018).A word association is a concept to understanding meaning and cognition, and by sociolinguistic studies has examined this word and concept association to understand how lexical item is understood in different culture and language (Jewalani, Laksman-Huntley, & Anjaningsih, 2019).
The word can be exchanged and separated into a series of sentences that can be understood differently (Akmaliyah, 2019).One word can have several meanings and many types of meaning can make a word has many definitions from different content.Likewise, with the Arabic words which have several meanings of certain words.This is in accordance with the opinion about the purpose of a conversation, that the meaning of a conversation is more important than the words spoken.Thus, the word can be likened to a "servant of meaning", the word present to express the intended meaning (Taghanaki et al., 2019).Such as Gene, chromosome, and mutation are cue words to understand genetics and each word has its own meaning to understand the vocabulary (Bahar, Jhonstone, & Sutcliffe, 2010).
Many vocabularies in Arabic indicates some living organism characteristic or a specific gender by exchange, separated, or added some words into each other.The word ‫"األب"‬ has the original meaning of "Ayah" by having several derivative notions such as roosters, butterflies, and beetles.The three derivative meanings have other meanings as an animal appellation, but based on the vocabulary, you can see whether there are similarities between the core meanings and the derivative meanings based on their behavior, gender, and morphology.In addition, one word will have a different meaning if there was an additional of words, as in the words ‫بنت‬ and ‫.ابن‬ ‫بن‬ ‫ت‬ has the meaning of "anak perempuan" (daughter) while ‫ابن‬ has the meaning "anak lakilaki" (son).After combining the words with other vocabularies as in the word ‫األرض‬ ‫,بنت‬ the word has a meaning of "kerikil" and ‫السبيل‬ ‫ابن‬ merging the words in the word ‫ابن‬makes another meaning namely "musafir.However, both the core meaning and the derivative meaning, also the meaning of 1 word and the combination of 2 words found the core of meaning in terms of gender, living organisms, characteristics, and behavior.Many vocabularies in Arabic indicates some living organism characteristic or a specific gender by exchange, separated, or added some words into each other, this is why this study needs to be done.
This study aims to achieve the following objectives: 1.To examine the linguistics unit in the meaning of the word 2. To examine how the meaning has many similarities between the core meaning and derivative meaning, based on living organism, behavior, and gender 3. To explain how the meaning has a relation between the real meaning and derivative meaning

LITERATURE REVIEW Definition of Gender
Gender is known as a word derived from English.Based on research from several dictionaries, gender means jenis kelamin (sex) (Echols & Shadily, 2003).In some texts, gender is defined as a sexual classification or division (Hornby, 1989).In KBBI (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia), the word gender, spelled as in its English origin, means jenis kelamin (sex).In terms of the word, literally speaking, gender is a cultural concept that seeks to make a distinction in the role, behavior, mentality, and emotional characteristics between men and women which their society might recognize.Hilary M. Lips further states that gender includes the cultural expectation of men and women.Lindsey agrees and added that all provisions concerning the determination of a male or female are discussed in the study of gender.
Gender is the definition of functions, burdens, and characteristics for men and women by society, both in terms of economic, social, political, and cultural (Omar, 2018).According to Mansour Fakih, gender is inherent in the nature of men and women and is a social and cultural construct (Mansour, 1996).It means, that a person's perspective on gender depends on his background.For example, in general, a patriarchal culture makes the perspective of the society that man is a gender who work outside from home, dominant, and rational.While women are described as gender who working inside of a home, second class, and irrational.The inherent nature of a woman like her softness, emotionality, and motherhood is compared with that of men which are deemed mighty, manly, fatherly, and rational in nature, and it is believed that this has been preordained since the beginning of time.This premise can move a little and this is loosely based on the cultural dynamics within the society following the wind of change which might blow from time to time.In particular, society and at a particular time, women have been considered rational, hard, and mighty (Mansour, 1996).The concept of changing people's paradigm of thinking over gender continues makes a movement and development, with many emerging studies and research on the importance of the concept of gender in various aspects.So, the so-called concept of gender, inherently attached to women and men is based on the cultural development related to time and space.It was clearly not solely attributed to gender differences between the two, but that the will of the society and culture of his or her time might impose its mighty force.
Anatomically, there was a similarity of system organs between men and women.Brain gender is controlled by endocrine and sex chromosome.Sherwood states that the endocrine as a body regulator system which have secrete hormones that act on target cells regulating the concentration of molecules, water nutrients, salt, and electrolytes hormone also plays a role in controlling growth and reproduction (Sherwood, 2002).Different inherent nature between men and women arise largely through the action of the hormone testosterone and estrogen secreted by the gonads.Testosterone responsible for many physical characteristics specific to men and build a muscle (Bhasin, Woodhouse, & Storer, 2001), estrogen is considered as the primary hormone in the reproductive and maternal behavior of women (Stein, 2001).Sex chromosome is also a distinguishing factor, there is increasing evidence that X and Y chromosome-linked genes also act directly on the brain to cause sex-specific in mammals and birds (Arnold, 2004).Elrod and Stansfield find that chromosomes every living organism (Elrod & Stansfield, 2007) in the cell (Champbell, Mitchel, & Reece, 2000).

Words and Their Meanings
Features of the word according to linguists are as follows: 1.Using the stand-alone freedom of speech (Bloomfield, 1993) 2. Using pause and maybe isolated (Hockett, 1958) 3. Using the moment of language; inseparable; can be transferred; interchangeable (Rabiah, 2018) 4. Stand-alone and meaningful (Pateda, 2001) According to dictionaries of Indonesian, the words have a meaning: the language element spoken or written id an expression of the unity of feelings and thoughts that can be used in the language; utterance; speech; morpheme or combination of morpheme which by linguist is considered as the smallest unit that can be uttered as a free form, or a stand-alone unit of language, made from a single morpheme or morpheme combination.The word is a linguistic element that is spoken or written, which is a form of unity of feelings and thoughts used in language activities (Jupitasari, Saman, & Syahrani, 2014).Appropriate with the opinion of earlier Arab scholars according to Ibn Ya'is with the views of earlier Arab scholars according to Ibn Ya'is within (Yusuf & Omar, 2012).That the words ‫)الكلمة(‬ are a word which shows its meaning. In Arabic, the word ‫)الدم(‬ is the word that has the meaning "darah" either a letter or more, the word has a meaning, the meaning is an actually appropriate dictionary or meaning of the term, such as separated, transferred, combines with another word into a series of a sentence, this shows that a word can have different meanings if paired with different words, example: a. Term words ‫الدم(‬ ‫)ثقيل‬ means pemarah b.The real words ‫لون(‬ ‫أحمر‬ ‫)الدم‬ means darah itu berwarna merah In the Indonesian language, the form of words can be divided into: 1) The basic form or lexeme has lexical meaning; 2) Combination of lexemes; 3) The form of affix; 4) Repetitive form; 5) Compound form; 6) Contextual form; 7) Acronym; and 8) Abbreviation.
The form of these words has their respective meanings, and there many kinds of meanings; denotative, connotative, collocation, emotive, contextual, and lexical meaning, etc.The words used for the animal appellation in this study are associated with lexical meanings or external meanings the meaning of the word stand-alone, both in the form of lexeme or affix, which is still has a single and fixed meaning and as can be read in some language dictionaries (Pateda, 2001).
Linguistic studies of the meaning of words are discussed in two branches of science, namely semantics, and pragmatics.The semantic study is used for this research, semantics examines the meaning of words internally and non-context which purposed to find out the meaning of linguistic units (Mansur, 2018).In this case, the meaning of linguistic units is a word, this case also this research reported that between semantic studies there is a study about a word, meanings, and related meaning (Jamilah, 2012).By studying words, their meanings, and relationships, it will be understood that some words have a correlation one to another.Both the orally and written correlation, for example, two words that come from the same root, then there will definitely be a correlation of meaning between the two words, for example, the words " ‫ِّد‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫َج‬ ‫ت‬ ُ ‫"م‬ and " ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ َ ‫"ج‬ which come from the same root word " َ ‫د‬ َ ‫م‬ َ ‫."ج‬The word " ‫ِّد‬ ‫م‬ َ ‫َج‬ ‫ت‬ ُ ‫"م‬ denotatively means "frozen, frosted, congealed, iced, icy, glaciated" and the word " ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ َ ‫"ج‬ denotatively as "immobile, motionless, stationary, immovable, still, static, inactive, inert" (Baalbaki, 1995).The two words have a meaning of relation that is both immovable or fixed, water freezes into ice, the liquid (flexible) and water disappears and becomes static (frozen).
The pre-employment card program is a program formed by thegovernment in order to connect school graduates with industry, thereby reducing the unemployment rate (Ondang, Mingkid, & Tasik, 2022).The pre-employment card program is also based on the many termination actions of companies due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic (Rahman & Rahman, 2021).This pre-employment card program is given to those who are truly worthy to take part in the pre-employment program (Ginting & Herdiyana, 2020).This program is one of the innovations in improving the quality of human resources owned, through trainings.Indicators in the pre-employment card program include: 1) Training; 2) Incentives; and 3) Certificate of Expertise (Memah, Rares, & Waleleng, 2022).

RESEARCH
The semantics approach was used in this research.Data collected through library research and Library and Information Science (LIS) (Togia & Malliari, 2017).And descriptive analysis (Edwards et al., 2010) will describe and analyze which criteria: series of study, grouping, systematization, interpretation, and verification of data.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on the background and literature review, the discussion in this study is as follows:

Word of Living Organism Meaning of Word in Gender in Arabic
Knowledge of a word is closely related to four aspects namely; semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, and phonological.In the semantic term, the real meanings of words can be associated with the similarities meaning.E.g. the word laki-laki (Man) ‫)الرجل(‬ has similar association related to it such as his clothes, his voice, and his behavior.The meaning of a word in semantics can be understood by looking at the lexical meaning of the word and the culture in which it is used.
Syntactic, the other term of the word.Knowing the words is not enough without considering their position and function syntactically.Knowledge has a significant role in the choice of words for making a sentence.If the word is a verb, then we will not use it in a sentence as a noun.E.g. the word "pergerakan", will be "saya pergerakan" if this word as a noun.The study of meaning does not stop at the syntactic level, the syntax does not examine the right or wrong using the words in the sentences, as long as the position and function of the word are correct grammatically, then it is allowed in syntax.For example the sentence "I eat water" which syntactically is correct because it is arranged according to the S + V + O rules, but the semantic meaning does not make sense and is incorrect, so the sentence is considered as a sentence which is wrong in semantic meaning.
In terms of phonological aspect knowing vowel a, i, u, e, o and consonant b, c, d, f, etc in Indonesians' words it's not common to use both identical vowels at the same time e.g."boolleehh" the correct on is "boleh".The last aspect is the pragmatic term, it shows the feasibility of speaking the language.Social relations between speakers, listeners, and third parties need to be considered when expressing the language to become sensible.E.g. using the "anda" is more pronounced for the second person we respect than "kamu" (Dardjowijoyo, 2005).In pragmatics, a word can't be understood solely based on lexical meaning.To understand the meaning of a word in pragmatics, it is better to pay attention to three aspects, namely who is speaking (the speaker), to whom he is speaking (interlocutor), and what are the conditions and contexts behind the speakers topic say to the interlocutor.In more detail, Dell Hymes formulated the SPEAKING model, which is used to understand a total meaning.According to him, an understanding of some aspects collected in the acronym SPEAKING, namely (1) S which is an acronym for the word situation, (2) P which is an acronym for participants said, (3) E which is an acronym for the word ends, (4) A which is an acronym for the word act sequence, (5) K which is an acronym for the word key, (6) I which is an acronym for the word interpretation, (7) N which is an acronym for the word norms of interaction, and (8) G which is an acronym of the word genre (Sugiarti, Wijaya, & Rosnija, 2014).
Compare with the meaning of word ‫المرأة‬ and its derivatives as follows there is no meaning to mention animals (Munawwir, 1984).Based on the meaning of the word, one word can have several derivative meanings by mentioning the name of the animal.Animals are living organism that has sex with other terms are male or female.Male animals usually show male characters while females vice versa.Some word in Arabic that have the meaning of the word animal or living organism such as the meaning of ‫األم‬ namely gurita (octopus), the octopus does not indicate male or female but one of the octopus character that resembles the way of life of the multitalented mother.A mother can do several roles at once in the household; playing as a mother, as an educator, as a chef, as a financial regulator, as a caregiver, etc., as well as an octopus which has 8 tentacles that can perform 8 functions at once for one activity.
Men and women alike like to dress when paired with the word comb and mirror.Women are considered as a giver of enjoyment in addition to having the noble nature of nobility.Men have a miserable, adventurous spirit ‫رجل‬ -Rajala's basic words for ‫(الرجل(‬ are their meanings almost close to the word ‫رحل‬ (traveling)and foraging for food like a bee friend.Great men can illuminate like stars; can feed like a pot; smart men can talk without preparation.
Other words with gender bias are, meaning son ‫ابن‬ and daughter ‫:بنت‬ as in al-Munawwir dictionary (Munawwir, 1984)  Viewing the meaning of the word in table 1.Does no use of the word animal in the compound word binti except for the word ibnu, serigala (wolf).But the meaning of derivatives is showing some living organisms or components that making up the natural universe.From the description, it can be found to mean the use of animals or living organisms a culture of Arab, especially differences in the use of the word animal for the meaning of words that are female or male.The features of these animals have characteristics that can be matched or aligned according to their view of what they are adhering to, namely the behavior of men and women.

The Character of Living Organism in the Meanings of Words
Life on the earth, in humans, animals, and plants and the contents of other universes, every living organism has its own unique character created by the creator.Many characters should be imagines into a word, a language, and vice versa, known as sociolinguistic.It is a study about the correlation between the meaning and the word with social human life, semantic and also the meaning from a word and language expression or human behavior, animal behavior, etc.This is conversely the behavior or character also can produce its own words and meanings.There are characteristics of animals dan living organism needs to study in semiotic meaning relating to the specification of the character based on gender or perspectives of women and men.The meaning of the word laki-laki (men) has a number of animals and the meaning of the word perempuan (women) mention the word a constituent of the biosphere and living organism.
On the meaning of the word ‫األب‬ with the real meaning namely ayah (father) has several derivative meaning such as ayam jago (rooster); kupu-kupu (butterfly); ibis; and kumbang (beetles).Ayam jago (rooster) specifically indicates he is a male.Rooster born programmed to carry out multiple duties and obligations, at a certain age the rooster will mature and most major action taken over by his instincts and impulses are known by natural surroundings.The example of rooster behavior is strong of a crowing rooster in the morning that provides information for breaking dawn and beginning life to the entire living organism.A rooster has a responsibility to the integrity and group safety (Dealing With Roosters Roo Behavior, 2017).This character as strong as the fathers' characteristic, the father is the head of the family has a strong system controlling in running the wheels of life of all family members.As a leader, a policy that is issued giving the effect that large against the decision of the family.Father also as a protector of the entire members of the family.
Whereas butterflies are animals with the perfect metamorphosis that has a life cycle with various forms of the body.The life cycle of a butterfly consists of an egg, larvae, pupa, and imago.Imago is the final phase in the insect life cycle, in this phase insects can produce an egg and their life are active in the morning and evening.As viewed from the life cycle of human beings, men and women have their life cycle and transformation such as an increase of age, maturation of hormone, and behavior change.The human life cycle also consists of several stages ranging from infants, children, adolescents, and adults.
The meaning of octopus in the word ‫األم‬describes the character of women as being multitasking in their lives.Women may play a role as a mother, as a wife once, and as a woman's career.A reported test about the character of woman conducted on a group of women and men who are put together in a room, the results show that woman at one time can do daily activities at the same time such as reading while enjoying snacks and playing mobile phones while men choose to do one activity in a time e.g.just reading, just plying mobile phone or just listening to music.This character goes hand with the octopus as a mollusk aquatic animal that has 8 multifunctional tentacles.Octopus is a pet class of cephalopods is known as an animal with a rich nervous system as the central control (J.Young, 1991) , (Nixon & Young, 2003) , (Borreli, F, & G, n.d.; Borrelli & G, n.d.)and most of its nervous system is found in the tentacle so that it can perform various activities at the same (Godfrey-Smith, 2017).The reaches of the nervous system and cognitive complex as well as the regeneration of the nervous system that makes the octopus tentacle muscle arm without bones, sensitive, flexible but strong (Pamela, Shah, Makarenkova, & Fiorito, n.d.) soft-hearted is a woman's feeling but has a strong determination compared to man's behavior.Octopus is also known as a smart animal, reported (J.Y. Young, 1964) octopus is the most intelligent animal among other invertebrate animal.This animal evolved a large nervous system including a large brain, it has about 500 million neurons in its body, human beings have many more nearing 100 billion but the octopus is in the same range as various mammals, close to the range of dogs(Godfrey-Smith, 2017).Octopus has done well on a test of their intelligence in the laboratory, they can learn to navigate simple mazes, they can use visual cues to discriminate between two familiar environments and take the best route toward some reward.
The plural meaning ( ‫ابن‬ -‫بنت‬ ) (table 1) expresses serigala (wolf) as one of the meanings of Ibn.Wolf has characteristics like a dog, often howling at night.Wolf run about 65 kilometers of distance in one hour, they grouping about 20 wolfs even in hunting, but if they hunt alone the wolf catch wild animals such as squirrels and rabbits.The wolf is loyal to their friend, if got injured one of them, the other wolf will help to find food and wait to heal.This animal solidarity, psychologically, and religiously these values should be possessed by men as perfect humans who are more perfect than animals.Tedi Priatna said as he quotes from Haidar Putra Daulay that the relations among different creatures such as animals, plants, minerals, and bacteria are tied subtly in the divine spirit (Priatna, 2020).God has an unmatched measurement in His creating and arranging everything.Also, God is a Composer who presents a harmonic and fair music show to all the creatures, for them to remember their Creator.Humans have gained a big power in science and technology but often misuse it for destructive goals.
Animals that show the meaning of women in the description as kelabang (centipede), is the animal has an antenna and a mouth on its head and legs in every segment of the body as a tool stringer enemy that bothered him within causing swelling and pain.Using kelabang for the women's meaning shows negatively of women's behavior which endangers others.But religion and psychological values guide women as perfect humans to be wiser.Women can be great support for a man's success but can also be his weaknesses.
Lebah (honey bee) is mentioned the meaning of animals in the ‫جل‬ ‫الرِّ‬ mentioned in Qur'an surah ‫ِّحل‬ ‫الن‬ .The honey bee has its own organization and behavioral plasticity and highly adaptable to a new environment (Meikle, Weiss, & Beren, 2020).Honey Bee is a special honeyproducing animal, the honey it contains has an ingredient that can increase the body's immune system.Swarms of bees are all male sex, also called worker bee and only one female between them called queen bee.This is closely related to the character of men as breadwinners, the resulting income can make their family members healthy and prosperous.

CONCLUSION
Humans, animals, and plants, and all living organisms in this universe have a unique character.The character can be expressed in a language or words instead of words or language that can express the contents of the character itself.In this study more emphasis on aspects of the meaning of words (semantic science) and animal or plant character.The purpose of this study was to observed and analyzed several meanings from the Arabic words and their relationship.The study found that the Arabic word has a real meaning and a derivative meaning.Derivative meaning and the real meaning have a close relationship observed from characteristics and their behavior of a living organism.