Evidence Using Forensic Laboratory in Revealing the Crime of Murder

: Murder is an act committed by anyone who intentionally takes the life of another person. The process of disclosing the crime of murder can be assisted by involving forensic laboratories in it. This study aims to analyze the role of forensic laboratories and the efforts made by the National Police to involve forensic laboratories in evidence to help reveal the crime of murder based on Decision Number 111/Pid.B/2015/PN Spg. The theories used included the legal theory of evidence and the theory of law enforcement. The analysis used in this research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the function and role of forensic laboratories in relation to the judicial process as a means of proof in court is to corroborate/give certainty to information, determine cause-and-effect relationships, prove whether or not certain factors or phenomena are true, make laws or arguments from a phenomenon if it has been proven true, and be a means of proof in court in determining the causes of death of a person so that it will be more supportive in the criminal justice process.


INTRODUCTION
The characteristics of criminal law enforcement in Indonesia are very unique, multidimensional, and destructive, as seen in the enforcement of various criminal cases, including corruption crime cases, illegal logging crime cases, bank robbery crime cases, terrorism crime cases, marine crime cases, cybercrimes, narcotics crimes, and many more, where law enforcement against the perpetrators of crimes is very much a deviation from the rules of criminal law, so that people who should be innocent can become suspects, and vice versa, people who should be guilty according to the law are free from legal bondage (Ediwarman, 2014).
A criminal offense is an act that violates the law as formulated in the Law.A person who commits a criminal act will be held criminally responsible if he has guilt.A person has guilt if, at the time of committing the act, the perspective of society shows a normative view of the wrongdoing committed (Bigenwald & Chambon, 2019).Criminal offences that result in the death of a person often occur.Proving the existence of death in this type of crime is generally not difficult, because the death of a person can be proven by a medical certificate stating that the person is dead.The crime of murder is regulated in Chapter IX of the KUHP on crimes against life, namely in Articles 338 to 350 of the KUHP.The main article on murder (ordinary murder) is regulated in Article 388 of the KUHP, which reads: "Any person who with deliberate intent takes the life of another person, shall, being guilty of murder, be punished by a maximum imprisonment of fifteen years." Murder under Article 338 of the KUHP is defined as intentionally taking the life of a person, punishable by a maximum of fifteen years imprisonment.This is a material formulation, i.e., it causes a certain result without mentioning the form of the criminal act.This act can take many forms, namely shooting with a firearm, stabbing with a knife, hitting with a piece of iron, strangling with a hand, putting poison in food, and so on, and even silence in the event that someone is obliged to act, such as not feeding a baby.These acts must be coupled with the element of intent in one of three forms, namely as an intention (oogmerk) to bring about a certain result or as a certain knowledge of the coming of that result (opzet bij zekereheidsbewustzijn) (Prodjodikoro, 2013).
The act of taking life is formulated in an active and abstract form, but in certain circumstances where a person has a legal obligation to act, then silent or passive actions can be included in the act of taking life, and if there is an intention to kill, It is called abstract, because this act does not point to a specific concrete form (Koenane, 2017).These forms of action can occur without or before causing the death of another person.Therefore, this effect is very important to determine whether or not the murder has been completed.
Scientific evidence in the criminal case investigation process will be the most reliable evidence and even become the backbone of the criminal justice process, especially in disclosing the case or perpetrator in the investigation process.This is recognized by several forensic experts: if proof in court is not found by witnesses, the results of the examination of evidence become the main evidence.Microelements, when examined in the laboratory or by experts, will be evidence of witness testimony and/or letters (Berita Acara, or BA) and/or clue evidence, while macro elements, when used in examining witnesses or suspects by investigators and making Berita Acara (BA), will be evidence of witness testimony and/or suspect testimony (Sumali et al., 2022).
The forensic laboratory is a special way to assist the Indonesian National Police in carrying out law enforcement tasks.Forensic laboratories, in assisting investigations and investigations whose authority is regulated in Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), function as expert witnesses to support, launch, and make light of a criminal case in the process of proof and trial (Rinaldo & Soponyono, 2022).

LITERATURE REVIEW Evidence
Evidence is a very important part of the examination process in a criminal case.The purpose of examining a criminal case is to find a material truth, a truth that is said with legal logic.Evidence is one way to convince the judge so that he can find and determine the realization of the real truth in his decision (Sudarto & Barthos, 2022).If the results of proof using the evidence specified by law are insufficient to prove the guilt charged to the defendant, the defendant must be acquitted of the charges; otherwise, if the defendant's guilt can be proven (with the evidence referred to in the law, namely in Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code), then he must be found guilty and punished.
There are various systems of evidence in criminal procedure, but the ones that have a clear line are: 1) 1.A system or Theory of Proof based on the judge's mere belief, 2) A System or theory of proof according to positive law, 3) Negative statutory proof system or theory of proof, 4) A system or theory of proof based on the judge's belief on logical grounds.
From the several theories or systems of evidence above, in Indonesia the system of evidence adopted is the third system, namely negatief wettelijke bewijstheorie (Putri et al., 2019).It can even be said that since the Dutch East Indies era until now, our criminal procedure law has consistently used a negative system of evidence according to the law (negatief wettelijk).This can be concluded from the articles that regulate it, namely Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code.

Criminal Offense
In the KUHP (KUHP), criminal acts are known as Strafbaarfeit.This criminal act is a term that contains a basic understanding in legal science, as a term formed with awareness of giving certain characteristics to criminal law events (Sugiarto, 2022).
According to (Chazawi, 2010), criminal acts only refer to the nature of the act, namely its prohibited nature with the threat of punishment if violated.The issue of whether the person who violates it is then actually punished or not will depend on his inner state and the inner relationship between the maker or perpetrator and his actions.
Delict in Dutch is called Strafbaarfeit, which consists of three words, namely straf, baar, and feit (Manurung et al., 2023).Where all three have meanings, namely: 1. Straf is defined as punishment and law; 2. Baar is defined as can and may; 3. Feit means act, event, offence, and conduct.
So the term Strafbaarfeit is a punishable event or a punishable act while the offense in foreign languages is called a delict which means an act whose perpetrators can be subject to punishment (Manurung et al., 2023).

Elements of the Criminal Offense
A person can be sentenced if the person has fulfilled the elements of a criminal offence as formulated in the KUHP, because in general, the articles in the KUHP consist of the elements of a criminal offence.(Lamintang & Lamintang, 2022) explains the elements of a criminal offence, namely: 1. Subjective elements are elements that are attached to the perpetrator or directly related to the perpetrator, and include everything that is contained in his heart.2. Objective elements are elements that have to do with circumstances, i.e., the circumstances in which the act is committed by the perpetrator.
According to (Sari, 2020), with the existence of a punishment against someone, it must first fulfil the conditions of punishment, namely as follows: 1.The existence of an act that meets the statutory formula; 2. Actions that are against the law (no justification); 3. The perpetrator or person must have an element of guilt; 4. The person who is not responsible; 5. Dolus or culpa (no excuse).

Murder
Murder is an activity carried out by someone or several people that results in the death of someone or several people.The crime of murder is included in the KUHP as a crime against life.Crimes against life (misdrijven tegen het leven) are attacks on the life of another person (Sembiring & Sofian, 2021).
The criminal offence of murder contained in the KUHP is as follows: 1.Capital murder (Article 338); 2. Murder with aggravation (Article 339); 3. Premeditated murder (article 340); 4. Infanticide by the mother (Article 341); 5. Premeditated infanticide (Article 342); 6. Murder at the request of the person concerned (art.344); 7. Persuading/assisting people to commit suicide (Article 345), 8. Termination of pregnancy with the permission of the mother (Article 346), 9. Miscarriage without the mother's permission (Article 347), 10.The death of a pregnancy with the permission of the pregnant woman (Article 348), 11.The doctor / midwife / druggist who assists in the termination / death of the pregnancy (Article 349).
The difference between murder and premeditated murder is that the execution of the murder referred to in Article 338 of the KUHP is carried out immediately when the intention arises, while the execution of the murder is delayed after the intention arises to arrange a plan for how the murder will be carried out.The time between the onset of the intention to kill and the execution of the murder is still so spare that the perpetrator can still think about whether the murder is continued or canceled, or also plan how he commits the murder (Beno et al., 2020).

RESEARCH
To solve problems in order to provide clues to the problems to be discussed and account for the truth, certain methods are needed in this research.The research methods that researchers use in this research framework are normative juridical research approach (Yip et al., 2016).Normative juridical research is research conducted by examining secondary data in the form of library materials and viewing law as a form of prescriptive rules (determining what is wrong and what is right).The approach is intended to collect various kinds of laws and regulations, theories, and literature that are closely related to the problems and discussions in this study (Budianto, 2022).
The approaches used by researchers in this study are as follows: 1. Statute Approach; 2. Case Approach; 3. Conceptual Approach; The data used in this research is sourced from literature studies and document studies (library research).Data analysis in this research uses a qualitative approach because it does not use statistical formulations.After the legal materials are collected, they are then analyzed to obtain the final argument in the form of answers to research problems.For that, researchers use analysis with descriptive techniques (Bowen, 2009).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Forensic Laboratory in Helping to Uncover the Crime of Murder
The Police Forensic Laboratory is one of the means to assist investigations whose authority is regulated in UU No. 8 of 1981 concerning the KUHAP.The role of forensic laboratories is very important in uncovering criminal cases through the process of examining evidence.To be able to know and be able to assist the investigation process in criminal cases involving the body, health, and human life, special knowledge is needed, namely judicial medicine (other terms are often used: forensic medicine, forensic medicine, legal medicine, and medical jurisprudence).
Forensic Laboratory as an auxiliary tool in the investigation process and carry out its duties, namely conducting an examination of evidence if there is a request for examination; if there is no request for examination of evidence, then the forensic laboratory is not authorized to conduct an examination of the evidence.Given that in the process of investigation, revealing a criminal offense does not absolutely have to be guided by witness testimony and the testimony of the suspect or defendant alone, it is also important and can even help reveal a criminal offense through the examination of evidence.
In the formulation of Polri duties contained in Article 14 paragraph (1), letter H is adopted from UU No. 28 of 1997 concerning the Indonesian National Police, Article 14 letter B, which is the legal basis for the implementation of police functions, namely: 1.Police identification technical functions, which include police dactyloscopy and other medical assessments 2. The technical function of police medicine, which includes police medical activities and studies in the field of police medicine.3. Criminalistic/forensic technical functions, which include forensic chemistry, ballistics, forensic metallurgy, forensic toxicology, forensic physics, forensic narcotics, forensic documents, and forensic photography.4. Technical functions Police forensic psychology, which includes the psychology of the Indonesian National Police personal police.

Efforts Made by the Police to Involve the Forensic Laboratory in Evidence to Help Uncover the Crime of Murder Based on Decision Number 111/Pid.B/2015/PN Spg
The Forensic Laboratory was established with the aim of helping to uncover various crimes, including murder.The Forensic Laboratory is an institution whose duty and obligation is to carry out the criminalistic function, carry out all service efforts, and assist in proving criminal cases using technology and science related to forensic laboratories.The knowledge that is in line with advances in technology and science to improve police duties as investigators are judicial medicine.The implementation of the Forensic Laboratory's duties includes assistance in the technical examination of laboratories both for evidence and for crime scenes, as well as other assistance activities for operational elements of the police.
Therefore, the role of the Forensic Laboratory is very important in proving and revealing that a criminal act of murder has occurred.The importance of the role of the Forensic Laboratory in examining evidence shows that not all crimes can be revealed by the presence of live witnesses alone but also with evidence.
According to Hans Kelsen, when talking about legal effectiveness, he also talks about legal validity.Legal validity means that legal norms are binding, that people must act in accordance with what is required by legal norms, and that people must obey and apply legal norms.Legal effectiveness means that people actually act in accordance with the legal norms as they should and that the norms are actually applied and obeyed.
Theoretically, law enforcement is an activity of harmonizing the relationship between values that are spelled out in stable and manifest rules and attitudes of action as a series of final stage value elaboration to create, maintain, and maintain peace of life.
There are 5 (five) factors that are neutral and influence law enforcement, namely: 1.The legal factor itself Legal regulation is said to be good if it is valid both juridically, sociologically, and philosophically.Juridically, this means that the legal regulation is made based on higher-level rules.Legal regulation is called sociological if it is recognized or accepted by the community and is addressed or enforced.

Law Enforcement Factors
The law enforcers are parties who apply the law, which in this case are the police, prosecutors, judiciary, lawyers, and correctional officers.Sociologically, every law enforcer has a position (status) and a role.

Facilities
This factor supports the implementation of law enforcement in society; without the means or facilities, the law enforcement process in realizing public security and order will not run optimally.Means or facilities that are usually used in the law enforcement process, such as good organization and management, adequate equipment, a sufficient budget, and so on.The obstacles that are often encountered in the application of the role of the first law enforcer are the limited ability to place themselves when interacting with other parties, the second is the relatively high level of aspiration, the third is absence of the ability to delay the satisfaction of a need, and the fourth is the lack of innovative power when carrying out their duties.

Community Factors
Law enforcement comes from society and aims to achieve peace in society.Every citizen or group has more or less legal awareness; the problem that arises is the level of legal compliance, namely high, moderate, or lack of legal compliance.The degree of community legal compliance with the law is one indicator of the functioning of the law in question.The attitude of people who are less aware of the duties of the police is not supportive; in fact, most are apathetic and consider law enforcement duties solely the business of the police, as well as their reluctance to be involved as witnesses and so on.This is one of the inhibiting factors in law enforcement.

Cultural Factors
According to Soerjono Soekanto, culture has a very large function for humans and society, namely regulating so that humans can understand how they should act, do, and determine their attitude when they relate to other people.Thus, culture is a basic line of behavior that sets rules about what to do and what is prohibited.
According to L.J. Van Apeldoorn, legal effectiveness means the success, plurality, or validity of laws to regulate the peaceful association of society.This view of L.J. Van Apeldoorn sees the effectiveness of law as seen from the output: if here and there there are still various violations of the law and criminality is still rampant everywhere with various new modes of operation, then this is where the law is questioned, although with this it can be argued that it is not only the law but also the implementation of the law.
Based on the results of the examination of the Forensic Laboratory Division of East  1), are true that there is human blood and each blood type is the same, namely "AB".2. The forensic laboratory examination result of the Surabaya Branch of East Java Regional Police No. Lab: 2975/KBF/2015 dated April 23, 2015, is identical to the blood type of the victim, ASARI.3. As a result of the defendant's actions, the victim ASARI died, and injuries were found on the victim's body with the conclusion that there was an open wound to the forehead, right cheek, and right neck, where there was an open wound and the wound cut through a large blood vessel (A.Coratis), chest, where there was an open wound in the left armpit through the chest to the right armpit, where there was an open wound around the armpit, on the right shoulder, where there was an open wound to the back of the shoulder through the bone (os.capula), and on the right arm there was a stab wound, the right thumb was broken off, and the index finger were broken off.4. The damage mentioned above was caused by contact with a sharp object.The cause of death was an entrance wound in the right neck, which damaged a large blood vessel, and an entrance wound in the armpit through the sternum to the lungs, resulting in heavy bleeding and causing the patient to suffocate, as per the visum et report dated April 20, 2015, made and signed by dr.MOH.JEFRI WAKIKA, a doctor at the West Tamberu Health Center, Sokobanah District, Sampang Regency.
From the case analysis, it can be seen that: 1.The police report is a report concerning the circumstances or events of the crime that occurred in connection with the taking of the evidence.What is meant in this report is that it describes the circumstances or situation at the time of taking the evidence, for example, where the suspect was found and the evidence was first found.Minutes of the seizure of evidence, in this case, must be submitted to the forensic laboratory by investigators and related agencies so that the forensic laboratory knows what evidence was found at the scene of the crime (TKP).2. This report is carried out after there is or has been evidence found, which, in the minutes of the wrapping and sealing of evidence, contains information explaining all actions taken by officers in the field.Then the evidence that has been found and secured by investigators and a related agency is sealed, where the aim is to maintain the purity and safety of the evidence to be sent to the forensic laboratory to get further information.3. Witness minutes contain information from witnesses who see, hear, or know of a criminal incident, where the witness testimony can become a clue and facilitate the examination of evidence examined by the forensic laboratory to speed up the course of an examination in the forensic laboratory.In a crime scene certificate (TKP), the investigator explains the circumstances of the crime scene, for example, where the investigator found the evidence, where the victim was located, how the scene of the crime was during the examination of the crime scene, etc. 4. A Visum et Repertum is required when there is an injured or dead victim, which is a written report from a doctor about what was seen and found on the evidence or victim he examined and also contains conclusions from the examination.By fulfilling all of the above requirements, the forensic laboratory will examine the evidence sent by investigators and related agencies.In the context of handling this case, investigators try, among other things, to find evidence that will later be examined in a forensic laboratory.To recognize, search for, retrieve, and collect such evidence requires accuracy, knowledge, and expertise regarding materials or evidence; therefore, at this stage, a forensic laboratory is involved.
The examination stage is an activity to obtain the clarity and identity of the suspect or evidence so that the position of the person or evidence in the crime becomes clear.One of the activities at this stage is where an expert conducts an examination or analysis of evidence found at the scene in the laboratory.At this stage is the final stage, where the role of the forensic laboratory is to make minutes of the examination of evidence in criminalistics laboratories, and then investigators and related agencies take minutes to continue to the investigation stage.
The examination of cases and evidence of murder crimes that enter the East Java Regional Police Forensic Laboratory in the Kimbio field every year is quite high, whereas, for murder crimes, the number of cases that enter each year reaches 150-180 murder cases, and 980 kinds of evidence, while in one month, the number of murder cases reported is 10-15 murder cases and 137 kinds of evidence, all of which can be tested by the East Java Regional Police Forensic Laboratory Division or 100% can be revealed.
The mechanism for examining murder evidence in the form of raw materials and precursors is carried out at the Bareskrim Police Forensic Laboratory Center and/or at the crime scene.According to Kasubbid Kimbio, AKBP Arif Andi Setiyawan, S.Si., MT, the examination of murder evidence must fulfill the following formal requirements: 1.A written request from the head of the territorial unit or the head or leader of the agency; 2. Police report; 3. Minutes of seizure of evidence that have been signed by the suspect; 4. Minutes of confiscation of evidence that have been signed by the suspect; 5. Minutes of wrapping and/or sealing evidence that has been signed by the suspect; 6. Minutes of the witness or suspect examination or progress report; and 7. Minutes of detention The existence of a forensic laboratory for the purposes of investigating crimes is very necessary.The forensic laboratory, as a tool of the Police, specifically helps the Indonesian National Police in carrying out law enforcement tasks.Forensic laboratories have a very important responsibility and task in helping the evidence reveal everything related to any kind of psychotropic wearers and dealers.Investigation of crime is not solely based on eyewitnesses (eyewitnesses), but also on physical evidence (physical evidence) found at the scene.
To obtain high material truth, sophisticated and advanced tools are needed and of course, require a lot of money.Therefore, if there is evidence of a murder crime sent to the branch Forensic Laboratory for examination but the equipment needed is inadequate or unavailable, the evidence will be sent to the central Forensic Laboratory for further examination.
The handling of a criminal case begins to be carried out by investigators after receiving reports from the public or knowing personally about the occurrence of a criminal offense, or it can also be caught red-handed, then prosecuted by the public prosecutor by submitting the case to the district court.Furthermore, the judge conducts an examination of whether the public prosecutor's charges against the defendant are proven or not.The most important part of any criminal proceeding is the issue of evidence because it depends on whether the accused will be found guilty or acquitted.
For investigators, evidence in the crime of murder plays a role in revealing the perpetrators of the crime as well as the actual events of the case.For the public prosecutor, evidence in the crime of murder is used as a basis for prosecuting the suspect in the crime of murder.As for the judge, the evidence will be the basis for consideration in imposing a verdict on the defendant.So important is evidence in the crime of murder that investigators must get as much evidence as possible at the scene of the crime (TKP), because the disclosure of the case starts with the evidence found and then confiscated by investigators.
If the investigator receives a report or complaint about the occurrence of a criminal offense, the investigator or investigators immediately come to the crime scene, prohibiting everyone from leaving the place as long as the examination has not been completed (Article 111, paragraph 3 of the Criminal Code).According to JUKNIS No. POL: JUKNIS/01/II/1982, a crime scene is "The place where a criminal offense is committed (occurs), the consequences it causes, or other places related to the criminal offense where evidence and body parts of the victim can be found".
Investigators or investigators conducting an examination at the crime scene for the first time, as far as possible, maintain the status quo at the crime scene.This is mainly intended so that fingerprints or other traces, such as footprints, blood spots, semen, and so on, are not damaged, erased, or lost because they will all be examined at the laboratory.
In the investigation process to reveal a criminal case involving human life, examination at the scene of the crime (TKP) is the key to the success of the disclosure effort.A good, precise, careful, and professionally carried-out arrest is a sign of the success of the investigator in making the case clear and bright.Conversely, if the handling at the scene of the crime is not carried out professionally, then do not expect the disclosure of the case to run smoothly, not even rarely finding a dead end.Forensic laboratory reports made by the Police Forensic Laboratory become useless because they cannot be applied properly.
If the investigator receives a report that a criminal offense resulting in the death of a victim has occurred, then the investigator can request or order the Police Forensic Laboratory officer to conduct an examination at the scene of the crime (TKP) in accordance with Article 61 of PERKAP Number 10 of 2009.If the Police Forensic Laboratory officer refuses, a penalty may be imposed under Article 224 of the KUHP.
In solving a case, it is not uncommon for an investigator to need the assistance of a POLRI Forensic Laboratory officer to participate in conducting an examination at the scene of the crime (TKP).This opportunity is given to the investigator if the investigator cannot take drug evidence in the form of blood, serum, or urine and because there are investigators who feel afraid when dealing with a corpse.An external examination of the corpse at the scene of the crime is necessary to determine the manner of death.
During the examination, actions that can change, disturb, or damage the situation at the scene of the crime must be avoided, even though, as a continuation of the examination, it must collect all objects of evidence (trace evidence) that are related to humans, which basically means that the act of collecting evidence will damage the situation at the scene of the crime itself.
The first thing to do is to find out if the victim is dead.If the victim is still alive, try to save the victim's life by transporting him to the hospital, or if that is not possible, try to provide assistance on the spot.If the victim is dead and the location of the corpse does not impede the flow of traffic, then do not move the corpse before the entire examination of the crime scene is completed.The investigator is usually the first to arrive.It would be nice if the investigator could do the above.
Therefore, before the examination is carried out at the scene of the crime, it must be secured, preserved, and immortalized by making photographs and/or sketches before the officers touch it.1. Request for examination at the scene of the crime To shorten the time, requests for assistance can be made verbally or by telephone and must then be followed by a written request.Transportation from the residence or workplace of the POLRI Forensic Laboratory officer to the crime scene is provided by the investigator.In this examination, the POLRI Forensic Laboratory officer is accompanied by an investigator.

Examination
Before arriving at the scene of the crime, there are several things that must be noted in relation to the juridical reasons or requirements, for the sake of the case itself, namely: a.Who requested or ordered the arrival at the scene of the crime, the authority, how the request or order arrived, the information of the Police Forensic Laboratory officer, where the scene of the crime was, and when the request or order was issued.b.POLRI Forensic Laboratory officers can ask for a little description of the case to be examined so that POLRI Forensic Laboratory officers can prepare their equipment properly.
c. Keep in mind the motto: "To touch as little as possible and to displace nothing".Police Forensic Laboratory officers should not ask for or reduce evidence; they should not carelessly dispose of cigarette butts; equipment should not be left behind; and they should not urinate in the bathroom or small room because there is a possibility that the evidence in that place will be washed away and lost.d.At the scene of the crime, the Police Forensic Laboratory officers or investigators make photographs or sketches, which must be stored properly because the possibility that Police Forensic Laboratory officers will be presented as witnesses always exists.The photos and sketches are useful to facilitate recalling the actual situation.e. Making photos or sketches must meet standards so that both parties, namely POLRI Forensic Laboratory officers and investigators, will not give different interpretations of the same object.f.The examination of the victim's body should be carried out systematically based on forensic medical science that is directed in accordance with the estimated case at hand. 3. Purpose of crime scene examination 4. The examination of the Police Forensic Laboratory officers at the scene of the crime by the victim aims to obtain accurate data in a short time and conduct several field tests that are useful for the investigator so that the investigator can determine the right strategy and steps to be able to make a criminal case involving the human body clear and bright.The actions that can be carried out by POLRI Forensic Laboratory officers are: a. Determine the identity of the victim, both visually (clothing, jewelry, documents, medical, and from the teeth), through serological examinations, fingerprints, and exclusions carried out in the laboratory.The identity of the victim is needed to start the investigation because there is usually a correlation between the victim and the perpetrator, and the perpetrator generally knows who the victim is.b.Locate and collect evidence related to the victim (biological samples) for laboratory examination.c.If there are puddles or blood spots, conduct an examination and make an interpretation.
Criminal procedure law aims to seek material truth from a criminal event.In the criminal justice system in Indonesia, the investigator is the first organ that is obliged to prove a criminal offense.The Indonesian National Police (Polri) is the main investigator in the event of a possible general criminal offense.The National Police, in handling a case, must adhere to the applicable laws in Indonesia.Based on Article 1, Number 2 of the KUHAP: "Investigation is a series of investigator's actions in the case and according to the method regulated in the Law to seek and collect evidence with which to make light of the criminal offense that occurred and to find the suspect".
Article The requirements to be an investigator are: 1. Ranked as at least Inspector Two of Police and educated to at least a bachelor's degree or equivalent; 2. served in the field of investigation for at least two years; 3. Followed and passed the specialization development education for the criminal investigation function; 4. physically and mentally healthy as evidenced by a doctor's certificate; 5. Have the ability and high moral integrity.
The role of investigators in efforts to examine evidence against criminal acts, namely: 1.To search for and collect evidence 2. To shed light on a criminal offense In the initial step in handling criminal offenses, the police will generally collect information from the public and proceed to make an information report to be submitted to the leadership.After obtaining a warrant, proceed to arrest, search, and seize the suspect.Furthermore, the examination of evidence is carried out and completed with absolute results from the forensic laboratory.In this case, the investigator is tasked with clarifying the chronology of the occurrence of a criminal offense so that, with this step, law enforcement officials can resolve criminal cases that occur.3. To find the suspect Some criminal offenses are consecutive offenses, such as narcotics offenses.In this case, it is not only the user who can become a suspect, but also the courier or dealer, dealer, supplier, and even the producer are also suspects who can be sentenced.Therefore, investigators are needed to dig up information, search, and find other suspects.Some of the obstacles faced by investigators in their efforts to examine evidence against criminal offenses are: 1. External barriers These external barriers come from the community and the victim's family, namely the lack of community participation in assisting investigators in providing accurate information with what they see or hear due to fear factors or because they do not want to deal with the police.

Distance from the forensic laboratory location
The absence of forensic laboratories in the regions is one of the obstacles faced by investigators in examining evidence.Until 2023, there were only 10 forensic laboratories in Indonesia, namely 1 Puslabfor Bareskrim Polri in Jakarta and 9 Puslabfor Branches in Bogor, Medan, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya, Makassar, Denpasar, North Sulawesi, and Balikpapan.In connection with this, to send samples and receive forensic laboratory examination results, some regions take as long as 4 or 5 days, so it becomes an obstacle to resolving a criminal offense immediately.

Limited operational costs
The process of investigation and the investigation by investigators require costs that are sometimes not small.One of the reasons why case handling is not optimal is because the Polri budget is limited, especially in the field of investigations.In a year, it is not enough because the handling of each case is different.Some have small costs, and some need an extra budget because they are considered quite difficult.With the index budget system, Polri divides case handling into four categories: very difficult, difficult, medium, and light cases.However, the budget spent on certain cases cannot be predicted because it can exceed what is predicted.For example, in an insult case classified as a mild case, the normal budget is around Rp 7 million; however, in some cases, investigators have to visit witnesses from out of town, which requires extra costs.

Lack of necessary facilities and infrastructure
Limited equipment for cases related to environmental pollution; no LCMS to cover compounds that cannot be analyzed with GCMS.Lack of equipment used to conduct investigations and investigations to collect evidence In this case, for example, tapping Without sufficient equipment, it can affect the speed and accuracy of investigators in collecting evidence regarding a criminal offense. 5.The evidence sent by Investigators is Too Little or damaged.
The next obstacle regarding the examination of evidence at the Puslabfor Bareskrim Polri and Bidlabfor Polda Jawa Timurr is that the evidence sent by the investigator is too little or damaged.In this case, if the evidence in the form of pills, capsules, or powder sent by the investigator is too little or less than 10 grams, it will hamper the Forensic Laboratory in conducting the examination.

CONCLUSION
The forensic laboratory, in relation to the process of proving murder cases, is a place to corroborate or provide certainty of information (information), determine causality, prove whether certain factors or phenomena are true or not, make laws or arguments from a phenomenon if it has been proven true, practice something that is known, develop skills, provide training, use the scientific method as a means of proof in court in determining the causes of death of a person, and can reveal fingerprints left behind so that it will further support the criminal justice process.
The efforts of the National Police to involve forensic laboratories in evidence to help reveal the crime of murder based on Decision Number 111/Pid.B/2015/PN Spg, namely from murder cases that have been reported to the police, will make an official report to conduct an investigation at the scene of the crime.After the evidence is collected and secured, it will be sent to the forensic laboratory for further identification.The forensic laboratory will examine the evidence sent by investigators and related agencies to find the material truth of the case.The results issued by the forensic laboratory will be used as evidence in the murder case before the court.
Java Regional Police No. Lab: 2975/KBF/2015 dated April 23, 2015, in Decision Number 111/Pid.B/2015/PN Spg with the following examination results: 1.The results of the examination signed by Kalabor Surabaya Branch Ir.R. AGUS BUDIHARTA with examiners Ir.FADJAR SEPTI ARININGSIH, KOKO SUNOKO, S.Sos, and KURNIATI, S.Si, with the conclusion that the evidence numbers 0292/2015/KBF to 0294/2015/KBF, as mentioned earlier ( 2A of Government Regulation Number 58 of 2010 Concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 27 of 1983 Concerning the Implementation of the Criminal Procedure Code states that: