Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Disiplin Militer: Peran Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Pendekatan Pembinaan, dan Resiliensi Mental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jpkn.v3i3.2648Keywords:
pendidikan karakter, disiplin militer, kepemimpinan transformasional, ketahanan mental, pendekatan humanistikAbstract
Pendidikan karakter berbasis disiplin militer menjadi topik kontroversial dalam pendidikan Indonesia, khususnya implementasi program "barak militer" untuk siswa bermasalah. Tujuan: Literature review mengeksplorasi hubungan antara kepemimpinan transformasional, pendekatan pembinaan (koersif vs humanistik), program resiliensi mental, dan efektivitas pendidikan karakter berbasis disiplin militer, dengan resiliensi mental siswa sebagai variabel mediasi. Metode: Tinjauan literatur sistematis dilakukan terhadap 35+ artikel jurnal terindeks internasional dan nasional terakreditasi dari tahun 2011-2025, diakses melalui database Scopus, Google Scholar, SINTA, dan Garuda Portal. Hasil: Analisis menunjukkan bahwa (1) kepemimpinan transformasional dengan dimensi idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, dan individualized consideration berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas pendidikan karakter; (2) pendekatan humanistik terbukti lebih efektif dalam internalisasi nilai jangka panjang dibandingkan pendekatan koersif murni (effect size = 1.52, p<0.001); (3) program Master Resilience Training (MRT) meningkatkan psychological well-being dan mengurangi gejala depresi pada populasi militer; (4) resiliensi mental memediasi hubungan antara faktor eksternal (kepemimpinan, metode pembinaan, program pelatihan) dan outcome karakter. Model integratif menunjukkan pendekatan paling efektif adalah mengintegrasikan struktur disiplin militer dengan prinsip humanistik, didukung kepemimpinan transformasional dan program resiliensi mental formal. Kesimpulan: Efektivitas pendidikan karakter berbasis disiplin militer bergantung pada integrasi kepemimpinan transformasional, keseimbangan pendekatan koersif-humanistik, program resiliensi mental, dan pengembangan resiliensi internal siswa sebagai mediator.
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