Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance, Tax Planning, dan Financial Distress Terhadap Earnings Management
Keywords:
Earnings Management, Good Corporate Governance, Tax Planning, Financial Distress, Audi QualityAbstract
Penelitian ini menguji bagaimana Good Corporate Governance (GCG), intensitas Tax Planning, dan Financial Distress memengaruhi Earnings Management, serta apakah Audit Quality memoderasi pengaruh tax planning dan financial distress terhadap earnings management pada perusahaan terbuka di Indonesia. Dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan data panel firm-year, sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling dan menghasilkan panel seimbang sebanyak 69 perusahaan nonkeuangan dari sektor Basic Materials, Energy, dan Industrial yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama 2020–2024, atau 345 observasi firm-year, yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi panel di EViews. earnings management diukur dengan signed performance-matched discretionary accruals (Kothari et al., 2005), GCG dengan proporsi komisaris independen, tax planning dengan tarif pajak efektif (ETR, sebuah proksi terbalik), financial distress dengan Modified Altman Z-Score, dan audit quality dengan afiliasi Big 4. Berdasarkan uji Chow dan Hausman, model fixed effect dipilih lalu diestimasi dengan pembobotan cross-section dan White robust standard errors. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas tax planning berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap earnings management (ETR yang lebih rendah berkaitan dengan discretionary accruals yang lebih tinggi) dan kualitas audit melemahkan pengaruh ini secara signifikan. Proporsi komisaris independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap earnings management, berlawanan dengan prediksi pengawasan, sementara financial distress tidak berpengaruh dan audit quality tidak memoderasi jalur financial distress. Temuan ini menyiratkan bahwa pengawasan hanya efektif menekan manajemen laba ketika memiliki kapasitas deteksi yang nyata seperti audit Big 4, sehingga regulator dan investor perlu menilai kualitas pengawasan yang sesungguhnya serta memperlakukan tarif pajak efektif yang sangat rendah sebagai sinyal potensi diskresi akrual.
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