Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Kurs Dolar Amerika Serikat Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dar.v4i2.3851Keywords:
Tax Avoidance, Likuiditas, Leverage, Profitabilitas, Kurs, Data PanelAbstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas, leverage, dan profitabilitas terhadap tax avoidance serta menguji peran kurs sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan subsektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder laporan keuangan tahunan 23 perusahaan selama 2020–2024 sehingga menghasilkan 115 observasi balanced panel. Tax avoidance diproksikan dengan effective tax rate (ETR), sedangkan likuiditas, leverage, dan profitabilitas masing-masing diukur dengan current ratio (CR), debt to equity ratio (DER), dan return on assets (ROA). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan fixed effect model dengan pooled EGLS, cross-section weights, serta White cross-section standard errors. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa likuiditas berpengaruh negatif terhadap ETR (β = −0,015560; p < 0,001), sedangkan leverage dan profitabilitas berpengaruh positif terhadap ETR (β = 0,146791; p = 0,0019 dan β = 0,031558; p < 0,001). Ketiga interaksi dengan kurs signifikan: likuiditas × kurs berkoefisien positif (β = 1,00×10⁻⁶; p < 0,001), leverage × kurs negatif (β = −8,99×10⁻⁶; p = 0,0025), dan profitabilitas × kurs negatif (β = −2,55×10⁻⁶; p < 0,001). Karena ETR bergerak berlawanan dengan kecenderungan tax avoidance, temuan menunjukkan bahwa hubungan karakteristik keuangan dengan tax avoidance bersifat kondisional terhadap nilai tukar.
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