RCEP & WGEC: Boosting Indonesia’s E-Commerce and Attracting China’s Investment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i3.1571Keywords:
E-Commerce, Economy Nationalism, RCEP, WGECAbstract
In the era of globalization and revolution 4.0, the economic and trade aspects of a country cannot be separated from progress. Currently, many countries are developing their economies with technology-based trading activities (e-commerce). China is a country with a fairly large development of the e-commerce industry and generates significant revenue in the e-commerce sector. Indonesia as a developing country is considered to have become a country in the Southeast Asia region that has progress in the development of the e-commerce industry. Seeing this opportunity, China initiated the formation of The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and formed a Working Group on E-Commerce (WGEC) to enhance the development of the e-commerce industry in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Indonesia has an interest in developing the e-commerce industry and is determined to become a major player in the e-commerce industry in the Southeast Asian region as a country. This study will use the concept of economic nationalism to analyze the cooperation between Indonesia and China in e-commerce cooperation. carried out through the WEGC framework, the two countries certainly provide benefits and also each country can fulfill its national needs in this cooperation.
References
Abidin, A. M. Q. (2019). Integrasi Ekonomi Regional Dalam Asean Free Trade Area. Jurnal Education and Development, 7(4), 162–167.
Achmad, W. (2023). MSMEs Empowerment through Digital Innovation: The Key to Success of E-Commerce in Indonesia. Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 3(3), 469–475. https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.daengku1742
Anggraeni, L., Tan, S., Junaidi, & Achmad, E. (2024). E-Commerce Impact on Economic Growth. Nomico Journal, 1(6), 188–198. https://doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0017
APJII. (2024). APJII Jumlah Pengguna Internet Indonesia Tembus 221 Juta Orang. APJII. https://apjii.or.id/berita/d/apjii-jumlah-pengguna-internet-indonesia-tembus-221-juta-orang
Ayob, A. H. (2021). E-commerce adoption in ASEAN: who and where? Future Business Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00051-8
Basu Das, S. (2016). The ASEAN Economic Community and Beyond: Myths and Realities. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute.
CNN Indonesia. (2021). China Perketat Aturan Anti-Monopoli Bisnis Vital. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20210812180048-92-679679/china-perketat-aturan-anti-monopoli-bisnis-vital
Drysdale, P., & Armstrong, S. (2021). RCEP: a strategic opportunity for multilateralism. China Economic Journal, 14(2), 128–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2021.1937092
Fashola, A. A., & Kusuma, F. (2024). E-Commerce Development for the Digital Economy in Indonesia. Activa Yuris: Jurnal Hukum, 4(August), 1–6.
Fernando, A. (2021). Royal “Bakar Duit”, Begini Gurita Bisnis Alibaba di Emiten RI. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20210901084306-17-272763/royal-bakar-duit-begini-gurita-bisnis-alibaba-di-emiten-ri
Free Trade Agreement Center. (2023). Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Kementerian Perdagangan. https://ftacenter.kemendag.go.id/regional-comprehensive-economic-partnership-rcep
Gareta, S. P. (2018). Menkominfo: ekonomi digital diprediksi 130 miliar dolar pada 2020. Antara News. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/765986/menkominfo-ekonomi-digital-diprediksi-130-miliar-dolar-pada-2020
Gea, H. (2018). Perjanjian Internasional Tentang Perdagangan Bebas Dalam Kerangka Trans-Pacific Partnership (Tpp) Dan Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (Rcep)?: Relevansinya Bagi Indonesia. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Gilpin, R. (2001). Global political economy: Understanding the international economic order. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.38-6290
Gultom, D. (2020). Perjanjian Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP): Peluangnya bagi Indonesia dan Langkah Pemanfaatannya Sebuah Perspektif Internal. CIPS (Center for Indonesian Policy Studies), 1(6), 1–10.
He, Y., & Wang, J. (2019). A panel analysis on the cross border e-commerce trade: Evidence from ASEAN countries. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2019.vol6.no2.95
Iqbal, M., & Sallatu, M. A. (2022). Dampak Ekspansi Alibaba Group Terhadap Perkembangan E-Commerce Di Indonesia. Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs, 2(1), 2775–3336.
Jayani, D. H. (2021). Nilai Transaksi E-Commerce Mencapai Rp 266,3 Triliun pada 2020. Katadata. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/teknologi-telekomunikasi/statistik/4381b13e2915010/nilai-transaksi-e-commerce-mencapai-rp-2663-triliun-pada-2020
Kementerian Perdagangan. (2020). Penandatanganan Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Regional (RCEP). Kementerian Perdagangan. https://www.kemendag.go.id/berita/foto/penandatanganan-perjanjian-kemitraan-ekonomi-komprehensif-regional-rcep
Kimura, F., Urata, S., Thangavelu, S. M., & Narjoko, D. (2022). The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership: Challenges and Opportunities for ASEAN and East Asia. In Dynamism of East Asia and RCEP: The Framework for Regional Integration.
Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners (3rd ed., Vol. 11, Issue 1). SAGE Publications.
Kurniawan, Y. (2016). One Belt One Road (OBOR): Agenda Keamanan Liberal Tiongkok. Politica, 7(2), 233–254.
Lestarini, A. H. (2021). Industri E-Commerce Bersaing Sengit, Ini 5 Pemain Besar di Indonesia. Medcom.Id. https://www.medcom.id/ekonomi/ekonomi-digital/Wb74re6k-industri-e-commerce-bersaing-sengit-ini-5-pemain-besar-di-indonesia#:~:text=Jakarta%3A Industri e-commerce di,Lazada%2C Bukalapak%2C dan Blibli.
Pahlevi, R. (2022). Nilai Transaksi E-Commerce Indonesia Diperkirakan Capai US$137,5 Miliar pada 2025. Katadata. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/teknologi-telekomunikasi/statistik/578053fb8bceef8/nilai-transaksi-e-commerce-indonesia-diperkirakan-capai-us1375-miliar-pada-2025
Panova, Y., Tan, A., Hilmola, O.-P., Puvindran, M. H., Hongsheng, X., & Li, W. (2019). Evaluation of e-commerce location and entry to China – implications on shipping and trade. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-019-0045-6
Putri, C. A. (2020). Investasi China di RI Melesat, Singapura Masih Numero Uno. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200129134437-4-133640/investasi-china-di-ri-melesat-singapura-masih-numero-uno
Ragimun, Mutaqin, Nurhidayat, R., & Yasin, A. (2022). Indonesia-China Trade Performance in the RCEP Forum Ragimun. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 91(5), 328–341. https://doi.org/10.2207/jjws.91.328
RCEP. (2019). RCEP TNC Chair’s Opening Remarks and RCEP TNC Chair’s Guidance to Working Groups and Sub-Working Groups.
Saragih, S. (2023). Kuatnya Dinamika Perdagangan dan Investasi di Asia. Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/baca/internasional/2023/02/07/kuatnya-dinamika-perdagangan-dan-investasi-di-asia
Sun, K., Xiao, H., Jia, Z., & Tang, B. (2023). Estimating the effects of regional value chains of the RCEP in a GVC-CGE model. Journal of Asian Economics, 88(November 2022), 101647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2023.101647
Sutrisno, N., & Poerana, S. A. (2020). Reformasi Hukum dan Realisasi Investasi Asing pada Era Presiden Joko Widodo. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 3(2), 237–266. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.3.2.237-266
Wang, D., Xu, P., An, B., & Song, Y. (2024). How does the development of the digital economy in RCEP member countries affect China’s cross-border e-commerce exports? PLoS ONE, 19(12), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310975
Widowati, H. (2019). Indonesia Jadi Negara dengan Pertumbuhan E-Commerce Tercepat di Dunia. Katadata. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/teknologi-telekomunikasi/statistik/6658a8fd369c61e/indonesia-jadi-negara-dengan-pertumbuhan-e-commerce-tercepat-di-dunia
Wirdiyanti, R., Yusgiantoro, I., Sugiarto, A., Harjanti, A. D., Mambea, I. Y., Soekarno, S., & Damayanti, S. M. (2023). How does e-commerce adoption impact micro, small, and medium enterprises’ performance and financial inclusion? Evidence from Indonesia. Electronic Commerce Research, 23(4), 2485–2515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-022-09547-7
Xinhua. (2022). China Focus: Regulation on digital economy mirrors China’s economic governance. Xinhua. https://english.news.cn/20220104/3bac687ebe944c6984c48a1dd97c5991/c.html
Yonatan, A. Z. (2023). Indonesia Peringkat 4, Ini Dia 7 Negara Pengguna Internet Terbesar di Dunia. Good Stats. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/indonesia-peringkat-4-ini-dia-7-negara-pengguna-internet-terbesar-di-dunia-FLw6V
Zhu, J., Lan, W., & Zhang, X. (2021). Geographic proximity, supply chain and organizational glocalized survival: China’s e-commerce investments in Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256837
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Rayyan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH).
