The Liability of Notaries in the Execution of Hybrid Deeds: A Review of Compliance with the Notary Law and Notarial Code of Ethics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i6.2239Keywords:
Notary, Liability, Deed, HybridAbstract
The execution of authentic deeds by notaries is a legal function endowed with the highest evidentiary value. However, technological advancements and the demand for efficient legal services have prompted the emergence of hybrid deed practices, which combine online and offline processes. Although innovative, this practice raises legal concerns due to its inconsistency with the principle of physical appearance as mandated in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m and Article 38 of the Notary Position Act (UUJN). This article examines the scope of notarial liability in the drafting of hybrid deeds that fail to comply with the formal requirements set out in the UUJN. Based on a normative juridical approach, it is found that the substitution of physical appearance and signature before a notary with hybrid procedures constitutes a legal violation, triggering three forms of liability: civil, criminal, and administrative. Notaries may face civil lawsuits for breach of contract or unlawful acts, criminal prosecution for forgery, and ethical sanctions by the Notary Supervisory Council.
References
jurnal
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tahega Primananda Al-Fath, Reynaldi Putra Genial

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH).