Is State Licensure Enough? Evaluating the Gaps and Proposing a Specialized Credentialing Model for Aesthetic Medical Practice in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i6.2257Keywords:
credentialing model, aesthetic medicine, medical license, aesthetic medical practiceAbstract
This study examines the weaknesses of the regulatory framework for aesthetic medical practice in Indonesia, which have led to a public health crisis due to malpractice by incompetent practitioners. The objective of this research is to design a specialized credentialing model to ensure patient safety and legal certainty. Using a normative legal research methodology through statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the regulatory systems in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The results show that Indonesia, relying solely on general medical licenses (STR and SIP), operates in a regulatory vacuum. In contrast, Malaysia, with its Letter of Credentialing and Privileging (LCP) system, and Singapore, with its Certificate of Competence (COC), have successfully implemented frameworks focused on procedural competency. As a solution, a hybrid model is proposed for Indonesia, the "Aesthetic Competency Certificate", which combines evidence-based risk stratification from Singapore and the renewable privileging mechanism from Malaysia. This model would be managed by a national committee, mandate standardized training, and be supported by a public registry to ensure accountability and protect the public.
References
Deng, K., Deng, X., Luo, H., Chen, L., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Huang, M., Hu, J., Li, T., & Zhou, J. (2024). Academic visualization study of aesthetic medicine management and related legal research since 2000. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 23(8), 2697–2710. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.16327
Dirkareshza, R., Dirkareshza, N. P., & Ramadhita, M. P. (2022). Legal Reformulation of the Problematics of Doctor’s Medical Licenses in Indonesia. 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2022082049
Dwi, A., & Muhtarom, I. (2024). Kronologi Kematian Selebgram Ella Usai Sedot Lemak di Klinik Kecantikan WSJ Beauty Depok | tempo.co. https://www.tempo.co/hukum/kronologi-kematian-selebgram-ella-usai-sedot-lemak-di-klinik-kecantikan-wsj-beauty-depok-34856
Fika, D. R., & Trianita, L. (2024). Polda Metro Jaya Tangkap Pemilik Klinik Ria Beauty saat Tangani Konsumen di Hotel | tempo.co. https://www.tempo.co/hukum/polda-metro-jaya-tangkap-pemilik-klinik-ria-beauty-saat-tangani-konsumen-di-hotel-1178135
Gopalan, N. (2024). Ethical and Regulatory Gaps in Aesthetic Medical Practice in Top Asian Medical Tourism Destinations. Asian Bioethics Review, 16(1), 65–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41649-023-00267-0
Khaidir, M. (2020). JPU Ungkap Pasien Dokter Kecantikan di Makassar Buta Usai Suntik Filler. https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/27427/710/jpu-ungkap-pasien-dokter-kecantikan-di-makassar-buta-usai-suntik-filler-1589375152
Lenno Idjianto, I Nyoman Suyatna, & Ika Widi Astuti. (2025). Legal Protections of Pratama Clinic Doctors in Providing Aesthetic Services. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(4), 2393–2399. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i4.1465
Marvela, A. (2023). Dugaan Malpraktik, Nanie Darham Meninggal Setelah Sedot Lemak | tempo.co. https://www.tempo.co/hiburan/dugaan-malpraktik-nanie-darham-meninggal-setelah-sedot-lemak-116592
Ministry of Health Malaysia. (2020). Guidelines on Aesthetic Medical Practice for Registered Medical Practitioners (second edition).
Negara, T. A. S. (2023). Normative Legal Research in Indonesia: Its Originis and Approaches. Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ), 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.22219/aclj.v4i1.24855
Nikson, S., & Cojocaru, S. (2025). Beauty as an Investment: The Relationship between Physical Appearance, Social Status, and Mental Well-Being. Revista de Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 88, 117–133. https://doi.org/10.33788/rcis.88.8
Prihatiningsih, T. S. (2016). The Role of Indonesian Medical Council in Assuring The Quality of Medical Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education, 5(3), 181. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpki.25452
Qureshi, K. I., Vercessi, F., Farooq, H., Soenchen, R., Amin, M., Chattha, I., Tariq, F., James, S., & Khan, H. Q. (2025). Are We in an Ethical Dilemma in Aesthetic Medicine? Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 24(6), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.70260
Singapore Medical Council. (2016). Guidelines on Aesthetic Practices for Doctors. https://www.healthprofessionals.gov.sg/smc/guidelines/guidelines-on-aesthetic-practices-for-doctors-(2016-edition). Accessed 10 July 2025.
Yeo, S. K. (2023). General Practitioner who Provides Aesthetic Services from an Indonesian Law Perspective. Sasi, 29(3), 409. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i3.1236
Law Number 17 of 2023 Concerning Health
Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2021 Concerning Standard of Business Activities and Product in the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing in Health Sector
Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic Indonesia Number 17 of 2024 Concerning Second Amendment to Minister of Health Regulation Number 14 of 2021 Concerning Standards for Business Activities and Products in the Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing in the Health Sector
Indonesian Medical Council Decree No. 193/KKI/KEP/VIII/2024 Concerning Professional Education Standards for Indonesian Doctors
Indonesian Medical Council Decree No. 147/KKI/KEP/VI/2023 Concerning Professional Education Standards for Dermatology and Venereology Specialists, Cosmetic and Aesthetic Dermatology Subspecialist
Indonesian Medical Council Regulation No. 75 of 2020 Concerning Professional Education Standards for Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgeons
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Susilo Kurniawan Yeo, Dhaniswara K Harjono, John Pieris, Hulman Panjaitan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH).
