Protection of the Fulfillment of Transgender Rights that Has Permanent Legal Force
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i6.2276Keywords:
Transgender, Legal Protection, Human Rights, Permanent Legal Force, DiscriminationAbstract
This study examines legal protection for the fulfillment of transgender rights that have obtained permanent legal status in Indonesia. The phenomenon of transgender individuals, as part of global social dynamics, faces complex challenges in legal recognition and human rights protection. With an estimated transgender population of 43,100 people in Indonesia, they continue to experience systematic discrimination in various aspects of life. This research employs a normative-empirical method to analyze the legal aspects that support transgender protection as well as the challenges in its implementation. The findings reveal that although there is a legal basis in the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 39/1999 on Human Rights, as well as court decisions such as the Rohmah case in Cibadak District Court, the implementation of legal protection still encounters structural obstacles in the form of social discrimination and the absence of specific regulations. This study provides recommendations for strengthening a more inclusive and comprehensive legal framework to protect the rights of transgender individuals in Indonesia.
References
Books and Journal
Abriyani, Eka. 2022. Konsep Waris Transgender (Studi Komparatif Antara Fikih Mawaris dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata). Skripsi, Jurusan Hukum Keluarga Islam, Fakultas Syariah, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo.
Astuti, Yeni. 2020. "Penggantian Kelamin bagi Transeksual dan Akibat Hukumnya terhadap Keabsahan Perkawinan Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan". Jurnal Privat Law, Vol. 8, No. 2.
Azahro, Salsa Amalia. 2023. "Transgender dalam Perspektif Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia". Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Negara, Vol. 1, No. 3.
Hapsari, Nindra Wahyu. "Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Kelompok Minoritas Gender sebagai Implementasi Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia (Perbandingan Kasus LGBT di Indonesia, India, dan Brunei Darussalam)".
Koch, Katie & Bales, Richard. 2008. "Transgender Employment Discrimination". UCLA Women's Law Journal, 17(2), University of California.
Marzuki, Yazid. "Studi Komparatif Perlindungan Hak Hukum bagi Transgender di Indonesia dan Thailand".
Satrio, Dicky Adi. "Pemenuhan Hak Sipil dan Politik terhadap Warga Transgender Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat di Yogyakarta". Skripsi, Universitas Islam Indonesia.
Tsalis, Khodijah Nur, Bayu Prasetyo, & Eka Imbia Agus Diartika. "Terapi Hormon bagi Transgender dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam". Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia.
Wati, Dyan Mardika dan Jadmiko Anom Husodo. "Perlindungan Hukum bagi Transgender Ditinjau dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia".
Legislation
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan.
Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2008 tentang Persyaratan dan Tata Cara Pendaftaran Penduduk dan Pencatatan Sipil.
Court Ruling
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cibadak Sukabumi Nomor 32/Pdt.P/2023/PN.Cbd.
Online Source
Felix Siauw. "Transgender Taubat". Reyben Entertainment. Diakses dari: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HG71hkGdcvA&t=1741s.
Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cibadak Sukabumi. Diakses dari: https://sipp.pn-cibadak.go.id/index.php/detil_perkara.
Quora. "Menurutmu apa yang membuat orang memilih untuk menjadi transgender?". Diakses dari: https://id.quora.com/Menurutmu-apa-yang-membuat-orang-memilih-untuk-menjadi-transgender.
Footnote
¹ Data estimasi populasi transgender Indonesia berdasarkan survei demografi dan kesehatan nasional, 2022.
² Koch, Katie & Bales, Richard. 2008. "Transgender Employment Discrimination". UCLA Women's Law Journal, 17(2), University of California, hlm. 248.
³ Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cibadak Sukabumi Nomor 32/Pdt.P/2023/PN.Cbd.
? Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Pasal 28I ayat (2).
? Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Pasal 3 ayat (3).
? Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2013 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan, Pasal 56 ayat (1).
? Felix Siauw. "Transgender Taubat". Reyben Entertainment. Diakses dari: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HG71hkGdcvA&t=1741s.
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