Settlement of International Disputes Through Diplomacy: The Case of the Collision of an Indonesian Navy Ship by a Vietnamese Fishing Vessel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v6i3.3144Keywords:
Legal protection; COLREG 1972; UNCLOS 1982; international dispute resolutionAbstract
This study aims to determine and examine the international dispute resolution actions taken by Indonesia in the case of the collision of an Indonesian Navy ship by a Vietnamese fisheries surveillance vessel in violation of the COLREG 1972 and UNCLOS 1982 regulations. The type of research used is normative legal research, with a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. The sources of legal materials used are inseparable from the existing rules in national law and international law, with a special focus on regulations governing ship collisions and maritime law. The legal material collection technique used is by exploring the normative framework and also document study techniques using legal materials that discuss the theories of maritime law, especially COLREG 1972 and UNCLOS 1982. The results of the study indicate that the resolution of international legal problems carried out by the State of Vietnam against the State of Indonesia regarding violations of COLREG 1972 and UNCLOS 1982 in the Indonesian ZEE was resolved through maritime diplomacy efforts.
References
Achnioti, E. (2021). To what extent can unmanned ships comply with COLREGs 1972 and how will the liability of such vessels be assessed?. Southampton Student L. Rev., 11, 77.
Aichel Miranda. 2018. Pelanggaran Terhadap Hak Berdaulat Indonesia (Studi Kasus Tiongkok Di Laut Natuna Utara). Jurnal Of International Relations, 4 (4).
Anwar, Syaiful. 2018. Peran Diplomasi Pertahanan Dalam Mengatasi Tantangan di Bidang Pertahanan. Jurnal Pertahanan Dan Bela Negara Universitas Pertahanan, 4 (2).
Astiti, M., Mangku, D. G. S., & Windari, R. A. (2019). Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional Terkait Pencemaran Laut Timor Akibat Tumpahan Minyak Montara Antara Indonesia dan Australia. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(1), 11-21.
Baird, A. J. (2002). Container vessels in the new millennium: Implications for seaports. Ocean Yearbook Online, 16(1), 300-327.
Baxter, R. R. (1980). International law in “her infinitye variety”. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 29(4), 549-566.
Danusaputro, Munadjat. Wawasan nusantara dalam hukum laut internasional. Bandung: Alumni, 1982: 12
Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku. (2020). Pengelolaan Perbatasan Darat Indonesia-Timor Leste Di Wilayah Enclave Oecussi. Yogyakarta: GENTA Publishing
Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku. Pengelolaan Perbatasan Darat Indonesia-Timor Leste Di Wilayah Enclave Oecussi. Yogyakarta: GENTA Publishing, 2020: 67
Dina Sunyowati. 2013. Hukum Internasional Sebagai Sumber Hukum Dalam Hukum Nasional (Dalam Perspektif Hubungan Hukum Internasional Dan Hukum Nasional Di Indonesia). Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 2 (1).
Hadiningrat, K. S. S., Wiradanti, B., & Umar, Y. F. (2024). Transformation of Indonesian sea transportation and maritime logistics to realize the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045. JIPOWER: Journal of Intellectual Power, 1(1), 89-107.
Hadiwijoyo, Suryosakti. (2008). Batas wilayah Negara Indonesia “dimensi, permasalahan, dan strategi penanganan” (sebuah tinjauan empiris dan yuridis). Yogyakarta: Gaya media
Hart, D., & Siniver, A. (2020). The meaning of diplomacy. International Negotiation, 26(2), 159-183.
Hiebert, M. (2020). Under Beijing's Shadow: Southeast Asia's China Challenge. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.
International Regulations For Preventing Collisions At Sea (COLREG)
Irawan, H. D., & Carnegie, P. J. (2026). Different Strokes: Indonesian Statecraft in the North Natuna Sea. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 45(1), 30-58.
Jeanne Dare Noviayanti Manik. 2018. Pengaturan Hukum Perbatasan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Wilayah Negara. Jurnal Hukum Progresif, 12 (1).
Kraska, J., & Pedrozo, R. (2013). International maritime security law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 23
Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning the Ratification of UNCLOS 1982.
Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2014 Number 294).
Law Number 5 of 1983 concerning the Exclusive Economic Zone (State Gazette of 1983 Number 44).
Law Number 6 of 1996 concerning Indonesian Waters.
Ma’rifat, Tian Nur dkk. Dasar-Dasar Perikanan Dan Kelautan. Malang: UB Press, 2020: 25
Mangku, D. G. S. (2016). Indonesian government authority in terms of border management with other countries. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Law, 10(4), 55-58.
Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Implementation of technical sub committee border demarcation and regulation (TSC-BDR) agreement between Indonesia-Timor Leste in the resolution of the land border dispute. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 8(3), 405-419.
Mangku, D. G. S. (2021, December). Implementation and Consequences for the Indonesian Nation After the Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. In ICLSSE 2021: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, and Education, ICLSSE (Vol. 9, p. 178).
Mangku, D. G. S., Yuliartini, N. P. R., Kbarek, L. N., & Monteiro, S. (2025). Land Border Dispute Resolution Model in the Involvement of Customary Leaders Between Indonesia and Timor Leste in the Oecussi Enclave Area. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 6(1), 329-356.
Mangku, Dewa Gede Sudika. (2021). Pengantar hukum internasional. Jawa tengah: penerbit lakeisha.
Martínez-Zarzoso, I. (2013). Alternative sea routes: what effects on maritime trade?. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 33(2), 61-74.
Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, 1978. Hukum Laut Internasional. Bandung: Angkasa Offset Bandung.
Mouslim, H. (2025). Coercive Diplomacy Recalibrated: Evaluating Effectiveness, Risks, and Modern Challenges. African Scientific Journal.
Mukherjee, S. P. (2019). A guide to research methodology: An overview of research problems, tasks and methods. Crc Press.
Nguyen, Y. T. H., Nguyen, T. T., & Trong, H. D. (2025). Equitable Benefit Sharing in the Exploitation of Common Heritage of Mankind Areas According to the Provisions of UNCLOS 1982: Current Situation, Challenges and Prospects. Braz. J. Int'l L., 22, 53.
Pedersen, M. P. (2004). Territorial jurisdiction in article 1 of the european convention on human rights. Nordic J. Int'l L., 73, 279.
Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2017 concerning Indonesian Maritime Policy.
Purwendah, E. K., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2021). Implementation of compensation for oil pollution by tanker ships in the Indonesian legal system. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10(2), 111.
Putra, B. A., & Cangara, A. R. (2022). Deficiencies of coercive maritime diplomacy: An Indonesian perspective. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Global Studies, 17(2), 9.
Rahim. Pokok-Pokok Upaya Hukum Terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Perkara Perdata. Makassar: Humanities Genius: 2021: 21
Rizkiyah, F., Legowo, E., Ras, A. R., Widodo, P., Saragih, H. J. R., & Suwarno, P. The Efforts Of The Indonesian Government In Overcoming Seed Smuggling Benur Lobsters Overseas. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 2.
Santoso, Imam Totok. 2020. Aksi Agresivitas China Pada Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif Indonesia Laut Natuna Utara (Perspektif Tugas Pokok TNI). Jurnal Kajian Lemhannas RI, Edisi 41.
Sedgh, G., Singh, S., Henshaw, S. K., & Bankole, A. (2011). Legal abortion worldwide in 2008: levels and recent trends. Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 43(3), 188-198.
Sefriani. Hukum Internasional Suatu Pengantar Edisi Ke Dua. Depok: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2018: 56
Setiawati, N., Mangku, D. G. S., & Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2019). Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepulauan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional (Studi Kasus Sengketa Perebutan Pulau Dokdo antara Jepang-Korea Selatan). Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(3), 168-180.
Sigit, Novia Rahmawati. 2019. Penyelesaian Kasus Pelanggaran Hukum Di Perairan Natuna Yang Dilakukan Oleh Kapal Asing Vietnam Dalam Perspektif Hukum Laut Internasional. Jurnal Selat, 7 (1).
Sodik, Dikdik Mohamad. (2016). Hukum laut internasional dan pengaturannya di Indonesia. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Starke, J. G. Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2010: 22
Syamsumar Dam, (2010). Politik kelautan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
United Nations Convention on The Law Of The Sea 1982
Vigni, P., & Francioni, F. (2017). Territorial claims and coastal states. In Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica (pp. 241-254). Edward Elgar Publishing. 18
Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2021). Legal protection of women and children from violence in the perspective of regional regulation of buleleng regency number 5 year 2019. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 9(1), 89-96.
Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2021, December). Legal Protection of Women and Children in the Perspective of Human Rights. In ICLSSE 2021: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, and Education, ICLSSE 2021, 09 September 2021, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia (p. 185). European Alliance for Innovation.
Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Legal protection for women victims of trafficking in Indonesia in an international human rights perspective. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9(2), 1397.
Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Legal protection for women victims of trafficking in Indonesia in an international human rights perspective. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 9(2), 1397.
Yuliartini, N. P. R., Hartana, H., Kbarek, L. N., & Monteiro, S. (2025). From Retribution to Restoration: Human Rights-Based Legal Protection for Women Victims of Sexual Violence. Jurnal Media Hukum, 32(2), 281-300.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gede Jeje Vijanathananda Sara, Dewa Gede Sudika Mangku, Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH).























