The Evaluation of Personnel Policies in Public Service Agencies After the Implementation of Law Number 20 of 2023 Concerning State Civil Apparatus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v6i4.3280Keywords:
content analysis, policy evaluation, public service agency, state civil apparatusAbstract
This study evaluates the implementation of Law Number 20 of 2023 concerning the State Civil Apparatus and its impact on the flexibility of human resources management in Public Service Agencies in Indonesia. Using descriptive content analysis with Dunn's policy evaluation framework, this study highlights the conflict between national bureaucratic standardization and the dynamic operational needs of Public Service Agencies. The analysis indicates that this policy is ineffective and inadequate because it threatens the continuity of specialist services; 16.93% of Public Service Agencies employees are non-State Civil Apparatus, with the figure reaching 40.51% for specialist doctors in the health sector. In terms of efficiency and responsiveness, the ban on recruiting non-State Civil Apparatus personnel hinders Public Service Agencies agility in responding to market needs and increases bureaucratic burdens. An evaluation of equity and appropriateness concludes that a one-size-fits-all approach risks reducing the quality of public services and international competitiveness, as evidenced by the decline in Maturity Rating scores for several Public Service Agencies sub-clusters. This study recommends the need for derivative regulations that provide discretion for Public Service Agencies to manage professional staff independently in order to harmonize regulatory integrity with service flexibility.References
Al-Oun, S., & Al-Khasawneh, Z. (2025). Sustainable human resource management and career quality in public utilities: Evidence from Jordan’s electricity sector. Sustainability, 17(11), 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17114866
Almalik, R. M. B., & Handayani, I. G. A. K. R. (2024, December). Ambiguity Status of Government Employees with Employment Agreements (PPPK) as Civil Servant. In International Conference on Cultural Policy and Sustainable Development (ICPSD 2024) (pp. 534-541). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-315-3_73
Anggara, S. (2025). Public policy reform in Indonesia: Navigating bureaucratic culture in the age of disruption. TEC EMPRESARIAL, 20(2), 716-728. https://doi.org/10.1229/tecempresarialjournal.v20i2.637
Atmaja, D. S., Fachrurazi, F., Abdullah, A., Fauziah, F., Zaroni, A. N., & Yusuf, M. (2022). Actualization of performance management models for the development of human resources quality, economic potential, and financial governance policy in Indonesia Ministry of Education.
Brewer, G. A., Kellough, J. E., & Rainey, H. G. (2022). The importance of merit principles for civil service systems: Evidence from the US federal sector. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 42(4), 686-708. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X211026008
Brilyanti, F. A. (2025). Strategy for Internationalizing Indonesian Higher Education Institutions to Enhance Global Competitiveness. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 6(2), 281-296. https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v6i2.693
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Los Angeles: Sage.
Doing, M., Kartian, D., & Ibad, M. I. (2024). Strengthening the Constitutional Law System (Legal Challenges and Strategies in Handling the Social, Economic and Political Crisis in Indonesia). Journal Equity of Law and Governance, 5(1), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.22225/elg.5.1.10260.113-122
Dunn, W. N. (2018). Public Policy Analysis: An Integrated Approach (6th ed.). Routledge.
Fatmawati, E., Suharto, B., Amrozi, S. R., Suhma, W. K., Yudiawan, A., Ilyasin, M., & Suhma, F. M. (2024). Change management towards good university governance in Indonesia: study at Islamic religious universities based on BLU mandate. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2333081. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2333081
Gaus, N., Malago, J. D., Basri, M., Mustaking, M., Paramma, M. A., Maharani, N., & Angraeni, R. (2021). Why are academics of science more productive than those of social science? Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 13(2), 369-387. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-01-2020-0007
Indarto, A., & Sunitiyoso, Y. (2024). Analysis Of Internal Factors Affecting The Implementation Of Maturity Rating Policies In The Healthcare Public Service Agency Of Indonesia. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(1), 206-219. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i1.990
Junaidi, J., Yusrizal, Y., Marzal, J., & Jumaili, S. (2023). Evaluating the maturity level of public service agency at Jambi University: Analysis and recommendations for enhancing public services. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 10(6), 439-450. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v10i6.20873
Koeswahyono, I. (2024). A Model of State-Owned Asset Management Based on Pancasila Values: Achieving the Highest and Best Use. Arena Hukum, 17(3), 465-489. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum2024.01703.1
Maulana, A. C. (2026). Financial Management of Regional Public Service Agencies: an Analysis of Flexibility, Accountability, and Performance in the Perspective of Public Governance. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 5(5), 336-342. https://doi.org/10.55324/ijoms.v5i5.1263
Muhammad, M., & Husen, L. O. (2019). State Civil Apparatus in Indonesia in the Conception of Welfare State: A Study of Legal Material Law Number 5 Year 2014 on State Civil Apparatus. Asian Social Science, 15(3), 64. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n3p64
Persada, T., Wati, L. N., & Geraldina, I. (2024). Financial Strategies of State Universities in Transition to Public Service Agencies: A Case Study of Universitas Bangka Belitung. Society, 12(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v12i1.687
Pribadi, U., & Kim, H. J. (2022). Impacts of cultural behavior of civil servants on citizens' satisfaction: A survey on licensing services of Indonesian local government agencies. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(4), e2662. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2662
Rahman, F., Wantu, F. M., & Abdussamad, Z. (2026). Merit-Based Civil Service Management: A Rule of Law Perspective. Journal of Public Representative and Society Provision, 6(1), 207-219. https://doi.org/10.55885/jprsp.v6i1.808
Ramadhan, M. N. (2025). Threats to The Meritocracy and Neutrality of State Civil Apparatus. South-East Asian Journal of Advanced Law and Governance, 2(1), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.22146/seajalgov.v2i1.20290
Ramli, V., Anwary, I., Suprapto, S., & Erlina, E. (2025). Reforming the Bureaucratic Frontiers: An Analysis of Legal Implications, Concepts and Challenges for Non-Civil Servant Employees in Indonesia. Strata Law Review, 3(2), 102-114. https://doi.org/10.59631/slr.v3i2.435
Ramli, V., Anwary, I., Suprapto, S., & Erlina, E. (2025). Reforming the Bureaucratic Frontiers: An Analysis of Legal Implications, Concepts and Challenges for Non-Civil Servant Employees in Indonesia. Strata Law Review, 3(2), 102-114.
Silitonga, M. S., Van Duijn, M., Heyse, L., & Wittek, R. (2019). Setting a good example? The effect of leader and peer behavior on corruption among Indonesian senior civil servants. Public Administration Review, 79(4), 565-579. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13059
Yulian, R. A., & Nurmalita, D. (2026). Governance of Cultural Policy and Public Participation in the Era of Digital Bureaucratic Reform. Qriset Indonesia Journal of Social and Political Science, 1(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.63668/qijsps.v1i1.63
Yuniawan, A., Hersugondo, H., Mas' ud, F., Latan, H., & Syaichu, M. (2026). Enhancing civil servants' job satisfaction through AMO HR practices and work–life support. Journal of Public Affairs, 26(2), e70131. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.70131
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ageng Kerta Perwira, Adiwarman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH).























