Criminal Imposition on Perpetrators of Joint Violence Resulting in Death from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v6i5.3465Keywords:
Judicial Consideration, Collective Violence, Death, Fiqh Jinayah, Isytirak fi al-JarimahAbstract
Collective violence resulting in death remains a serious criminal offense, often arising from acts of vigilantism (eigenrichting). Such conduct violates both positive criminal law and the Islamic legal principle of protecting human life. This study analyzes the judicial considerations in Decision Number 681/Pid.B/2024/PN Smg and examines the offense from the perspective of fiqh jinayah. Using a normative legal method with case and conceptual approaches, the research relies on the Indonesian Criminal Code, court decisions, the Qur’an, and relevant legal literature. The findings show that the court imposed criminal sanctions under Article 170 paragraph (2) point 3 of the Criminal Code after determining that all legal elements of the offense had been proven through witness testimonies, defendants’ statements, documentary evidence, and visum et repertum. From the perspective of fiqh jinayah, the defendants’ actions are classified as qatl syibh al-‘amd (quasi-intentional homicide) because the violence was intentional but not aimed directly at causing death. The collective nature of the offense also reflects the concept of isytirak fi al-jarimah, which attributes criminal responsibility to all participants involved in the resulting death.
References
Afriyanti, D., Fahira, J., & Prasetyo, A. (2024). Analysis of Domestic Violence under Islamic Criminal Law (Jināyah): A Qisa ̄s ̣and Taʾz ir Perspective. SYARIAT: Akhwal Syaksiyah, Jinayah, Siyasah and Muamalah, 01(02), 115–123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35335/wr1y8v96
Ali, Z. (2009). Metode Penelitian Hukum (L. Wulandari (ed.); Cet. 1). Sinar Grafika.
Amani, S. N. (2025). Efektivitas Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Main Hakim Sendiri (Eigenrichting) yang Mengakibatkan Kematian di Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Inovasi Hukum Dan Kebijakan, 6(3), 24–38.
Asif, M., & Weenink, D. (2022). Vigilante rituals theory : A cultural explanation of vigilante violence. European Journal of Criminology, 19(2), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819887518
Az-Zuhaili, W. (2003). Fiqh Islam Wa Adillatuhu (Juz VII). Dar al-Fikr.
Damar, L., Supriyanto, C., Eleanora, F. N., & Ismail, Z. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan yang Mengakibatkan Kematian. Journal of Law and Security Studies, 2(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31599/78p7yj26
Ferdiansyah Ferdiansyah, K. K. & A. A. S. (2025). Judicial Discretion in Sentencing Perpetrators of Aggravated Assault : An Analysis of Decision Number 221/ Pid. B/ 2024/ PN Rhl. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 28(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56087/aijih.v28i1.529
Gilbert Purba & Rahaditya Rahaditya. (2026). Public View as an Aggravating Factor in Joint Violence According to Article 170 Paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code: Vis Publica Sebagai Pertimbangan Pemberat Pidana dalam Kekerasan Bersama Menurut Pasal 170 Ayat (2) KUHP. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v21i1.1411
Hamim, K. (2020). Fikih Jinayah (Abdullah (ed.)). Sanabil.
Indonesia, K. A. R. (2015). Al-Qur’an dan Terjemahannya. Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an.
Kristanto, A. (2022). Tindak Pidana secara Bersama Melakukan Tindakan Kekerasan yang Mengakibatkan Meninggal Dunia (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 978 K/Pid/2020). Komunikasi Dan Informasi Hukum, 1(1), 15–24.
Kuswandi, & Oktaviani, M. A. (2025). Analisis Kriminologis terhadap Tindakan Main Hakim Sendiri ( Vigilantisme ) di Kehidupan Masyarakat. Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice, 3(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v3i2.5176
Mizaj Iskandar, Nurdin MH, A. J. P. & I. Q. (2024). Extrajudicial Trend In Sharia Law Enforcement : Customary Justice Or Vigilantism? PETITA: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Syariah, 9(2), 624–640. https://doi.org/: https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v9i1.422
Moazzam, D., & Attirmidzi, G. A. (2025). Analysis of the Application of Qisas in Murder Cases : A Normative Study of the Views of the Four Schools of Thought. SYARIAT : Akhwal Syaksiyah, Jinayah, Siyasah Dan Muamalah, 02(01), 34–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35335/emtjxt07
Moh Alviyan. (2020). Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan yang Menyebabkan Kematian Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Pidana Islam. Rechtenstudent Journal, 1(1), 71–81.
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum (F. Hijriyanti (ed.); Cetakan pe). Mataram University Press.
Myers, D. J. (2025). Structure and influence in the spread of collective violence. Social Science Research, 126(December 2024), 103129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103129
Nadia Nurhalija, Mohammad Ekaputra, W. T. (2025). Analisis Yuridis Sanksi Pidana Anak Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Pengeroyokan Yang Mengakibatkan Kematian ( Studi Putusan: 1/Pid. Sus-Anak/2022/PN. Sbr dan Studi Putusan: 4/Pid.Sus-Anak/2024/PN.Bjm. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 9(2), 279–287. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/vvac6r50
Nurfitriani, A., Kholid, M., & Anwar, S. (2026). Penganiayaan yang menyebabkan kematian dalam perspektif hukum pidana islam. QANUN:JournalofIslamicLawsandStudies, 4(4), 1695–1703. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58738/qanun.v4i4.1333
Pratama, N., & Winarni, H. (2025). Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan secara Bersama-sama di Wilayah Hukum Polres Bantul. Majelis : Jurnal Hukum Indonesia, 2(3), 62–77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62383/majelis.v2i3.973
Putusan Nomor 681/Pid.B/2024/PN Smg.
Rokhmadi. (2021). Hukum Acara Pidana Islam (cet 1). CV Lawwana.
Rokhmadi. (2022). Hukum Pidana Islam (cetakan pe). Fatawa Publishing.
Ropei, A. (2021). Kaidah Niat dan Penentuan Kesengajaan Pembunuhan dalam Hukum Islam. AHKAM Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(1), 55–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21274/ahkam.2021.9.1.55-80
Salsabila Rahma, Sherly Fernanda, Fitri Magfiroh, M. D. A.-J. (2025). Analisis Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Putusan Penganiayaan yang Mengakibatkan Kematian ( Studi Putusan NO.419/Pid.B/2025/PN.SRG). Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi, 2(12), 915–928.
Sudarto. (2018). Hukum Pidana 1 (cetakan ke). Yayasan Sudarto.
Syifa Nurrizkiya, E. S. (2025). Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Akibat Pengeroyokan dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 101/Pid. B/2018/PN Bau: Analisis Hukum Pidana Islam. 10(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32505/legalite.v10i2.13636
Titis Anis Fauziyah, G. S. P. (2024). 5 Pemuda di Semarang Aniaya Teman hingga Tewas karena Curi HP. Kompas.Com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2024/07/12/214348778/5-pemuda-di-semarang-aniaya-teman-hingga-tewas-karena-curi-hp
Wahyuni, F. (2018). Hukum Pidana Islam Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Hukum Pidana Islam Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia (cet 1). PT Nusantara Persada Utama,.
Zari, S. M. (2024). Studi Komparatif Terhadap Pelaku Main Hakim Sendiri (Eigenrichting) yang Menyebabkan Kematian Menurut Hukum Pidana Islam dan Hukum Pidana. El-Faqih : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Hukum Islam, 10(2), 475–490. https://doi.org/10.58401/faqih.v10i2.1536
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nafis Dwi Rizky, Ali Maskur, Mohamad Solek
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH).
