Personal Appearance Before The Notary In Deed-Making Through The Concept Of Cyber Notary
A Comparative Study Between Indonesia and the United States
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v6i5.3548Keywords:
Authentic Deed, Cyber Notary, UUJN., Comparative LawAbstract
The development of digital technology demands a more efficient and adaptive transformation of notary practices through the concept of cyber notary that allows notaries to exercise their authority remotely. However, in Indonesia, this concept is limited by the principle of Tabellionis Officium Fideliter Exercebo which requires a physical presence as a prerequisite for the authenticity of the deed, as stipulated in Article 1868 of the KUHPerdata and Article 16 Paragraph (1) letter m of the UUJN. This legal vacuum regarding remote personal appearance creates uncertainty, since the UUJN simultaneously acknowledges the existence of cyber notary while it’s also lacking sufficient regulations to accommodate its implementation. In contrast to Indonesia, the United States has successfully accommodated the implementation of Remote Online Notarization (RON) through the Revised Uniform Law on Notarial Acts (RULONA), specifically in Section 14A. This study uses a juridical-normative method with a comparative legal approach to examine the regulations governing personal appearance in deed-making under the concept of cyber notary in Indonesia and United States, as well as analyzing the potential expansion of its meaning. This research shows that Indonesia has an opportunity for legal digitalization through the UU ITE, the UUJN, and the implementation of the AHU Online system. The researcher argues that the concept of personal appearance can, in fact, be expanded not only as a physical presence, but also as an electronic presence. Therefore, its development is an inevitable necessity.
References
REFERENCE
Aulia, F. N., Ali, M., & Sari, N. K. (2025). Rekontruksi Asas Tabellionis Officium Fideliter Exercebo Dalam Perspektif Cyber Notary: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Acten Journal Law Review, 2(2), 169-187.
https://doi.org/10.71087/ajlr.v2i2.33
Efendi, J., & Ibrahim, J. (2018). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Normatif dan Empiris. Prenada Media.
Halim, A. (Ed.). (2021). Penegakan hukum di masa pandemi Covid-19. Kencana.
Iqbal, M. (2022). Kepastian Hukum Akta E-RUPS yang Dibuat Notaris Menurut Asas Tabellionis Officium Fideliter Exercebo. Repertorium, 11(1), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.28946/rpt.v11i1.1729
Looking Glass Runners. (2025). How Remote Online Notarization Works in the U.S. Now. How Remote Online Notarization Works in the U.S.
https://www.lookingglassrunners.com/blog
Lumbuun, R. S. (2025). Inovasi dan Transformasi Digital dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Pelayanan Kenotariatan di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum dan Konstitusi, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.64272/drg66612
Makarim, E. (2012). Notaris dan Transaksi Elektronik: Kajian Hukum tentang Cybernotary atau Electronic Notary (2nd ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Makarim, E. (2019). Notaris & transaksi elektronik: kajian hukum tentang cybernotary atau electronic notary (3rd ed.). PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
Nurlaili, A. (2021). Perkembangan Konsep Menghadap Notaris dalam Pembuatan Akta Ditinjau dari Perspektif Cyber Notary. (Tesis Magister, Universitas Indonesia). https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20517006&lokasi=lokal
Primananda, E., Ragil, W., & Simatupang, D. P. (2021). Analisis Penerapan Sistem AHU Online pada Ditjen AHU, kemenkumham Republik Indonesia: Suatu Kajian Yuridis Normatif. Jurnal Meta-Yuridis, 4(1), 123-139. https://journal.upgris.ac.id/index.php/meta-yuridis/article/view/7990/3962
Rahardjo, S. (2006). Membedah hukum progresif. Penerbit Buku Kompas.
Rizkianti, W., Hutabarat, S. M. D., Nugroho, A. A., Firdaus, M. B., & Latri, A. A. (2025). Cyber Notary di Indonesia: Tantangan, Peluang dan Kebutuhan Rekonstruksi Hukum. Notaire, 8(1), 123-140.
https://doi.org/10.20473/ntr.v8i1.67806
Santoso, A. P. A., Rifai, A., Wijayanti, E., & Prastyanti, R. A. (2022). Pengantar Metodelogi Penelitian Hukum. Pustaka Baru Press.
Septian, I. F., & Abdurahman, A. (2021). Status Hukum Penjelasan Undang-Undang Berdasarkan Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 51(3), 802-826.
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jhp/vol51/iss3/16
SJKP LAW FIRM LLP. (n.d.). E-Sign Act: Legal Validity of Electronic Signatures. https://www.daeryunlaw.com/us/practices/detail/e-sign-act
Tan, W., Agustini, S., & Situmeang, A. (2024). The Urgency of Implementing a Cyber Notary in Indonesia: A Comparative Study with The United States. SASI, 30(3), 274-286. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v30i3.2258
Untono, A. D. (2022). Perluasan Makna Unsur Berhadapan dalam Penandatanganan Akta Notaris Sesaat dan Sesudah Pandemi Corona. Repertorium, 11(2), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.28946/rpt.v11i2.1916
Widianti, F. D. (2022). Dampak Globalisasi di Negara Indonesia. JSIP (Jurnal Inovasi Sektor Publik), 2(1), 73-95.
https://doi.org/10.38156/jisp.v2i1.122
Wijaya, M. D. A., Soepeno, M. H., & Goni, C. J. J. G. (2024). Akibat Hukum Terhadap Akta Notaris yang Tidak Dibacakan dan Ditandatangani oleh Klien Secara Bersama-sama Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014. Lex Privatum, 13(5). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/57065
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhafirah Salsabila, Wardani Rizkianti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities (JLPH).
