The Judicialization of Politics on the Testing of the Constitutionality of the Age Limits of Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates by the Constitutional Court

Authors

  • Azizah Ratu Buana Khan Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Ruli Agustin Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.433

Keywords:

The Judicialization of Politics, Open Legal Policy, Constitutional Court

Abstract

The phenomenon of the Judicialization of Politics within the Constitutional Court can be seen in the differences in several decisions of the Constitutional Court in reviewing the constitutionality of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections regarding the minimum age limits for presidential and vice presidential candidates. Decisions Number 29/PUU-XXI/2023, 50/PUU-XXI/2023, 51/PUU-XXI/2023, and 90/PUU-XXI/2023 have the same outline of the petition but have different results. The research method used is juridical-normative legal research to fully view the phenomenon of judicialization of politics within it. The open legal policy decisions in the three decisions are different from one other decision so that this should be appropriate to return to the legislators as a whole and not the territory of the Constitutional Court

References

Alec Stone Sweet, Governing with Judges : Constitusional Politics in Europe, ((New York : Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 32.

Alexander Hamilton dalam Daniel Wirls, The Federalist Papers and Institutional Power in American Political Development, (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), h.26.

Amiruddin and Zainal Asikin, Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2012), p.118

Anwar Usman Denies Involvement in Conflict of Interest in Constitutional Court Decision, accessed via Anwar Usman Bantah Terlibat Konflik Kepentingan dalam Putusan MK (kompas.com), on 24 Oct 2023 at 09.28

Bagir Manan, Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Konstitusi Suatu Negara, (Bandung: Bandar Maju, 1995), p.7.

C. Neal Tate, Why the Expansion of Judicial Power ?, in The Global Expansion of Judicial Power, (New York : New York University Press, 1995, p. 27

Carl J. Frederich, Man and His Government, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963), p.217

Accessed via Konstitusi Negara-Negara Asia Tenggara – Hukum Tata Negara FHUI On 24 Oct 2023 at 10.45 WIB

Quoted via (anonymous) (lampmm.org), on 24 Oct 2023 At 10:30

Quoted via Austria 1920 (reinst. 1945, rev. 2013) Constitution - Constitute (constituteproject.org), Oct 24, 2023 At 10:19

Quoted via Republic_of_Korea_1987.pdf (constituteproject.org), On 24 Oct 2023 at 10.39 WIB

Quoted via The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription | National Archives, on 24 Oct 2023 at 10.25 WIB

Dissenting opinion Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning Review of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, p.88

Donald P. Kommers, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of

Eric Barent, An Introduction to Constitutional Law, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 14.

Fadjar A. Mukhtie, Sang Penjaga atau Pengawal Konstitusi ? (Sebuah Catatan Ringan Setahun MKRI), dalam Buku Menjaga Denyut Konstitusi, (Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2004), p.38

Constitutional Court Judges Also Suspect Political Settings Behind the Lawsuit on the Minimum Age Limit for Vice Presidential Candidates, Hakim MK Pun Curigai Setting Politik di Balik Gugatan Batas Minimal Usia Cawapres | Republika Online, accessed on October 15 2023 at 11.10 WIB

Constitutional Court Judges Also Suspect Political Settings Behind the Lawsuit on the Minimum Age Limit for Vice Presidential Candidates, Hakim MK Pun Curigai Setting Politik di Balik Gugatan Batas Minimal Usia Cawapres | Republika Online, accessed on October 15 2023 at 11.10 WIB

Hans Kelsen, General Theory of Law and State, (New York: Russell & Russell,

Hans Kelsen, Teori Hukum Murni: Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum Normatif sebagai Ilmu Hukum Empirik Deskriptif, (Jakarta: Rimdi Press, 1995), p. 258.

I Dewa Gede Palguna, Mahkamah Konstitusi. Dasar Pemikiran, Kewenangan, dan Perbandingan dengan Negara Lain, (Jakarta: Konstitusi Press, 2018), p.34-41

Indra Perwira, Refleksi Fenomena Judicialization of Politics pada Politik Hukum Pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol.13, No.1, Maret 2016. p. 41

Ahead of the Constitutional Court Deciding on the Age Limit for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates, Counting the Days to Registration for the Presidential Election, Jelang MK Putuskan Batas Usia Capres-Cawapres, Menghitung Hari Menuju Pendaftaran Pilpres (kompas.com), accessed on October 15 2023 at 11.08 WIB

Jimly Asshiddiqie, Hukum Tata Negara dan Pilar-Pilar Demokrasi, (Jakarta : Konstitusi Press, 2006), p.318

Jimly Asshiddiqie, Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011), p. 15.

Jimly Asshiddiqie, Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme,… p. 29

Jimly Asshiddiqie, Model-model Pengujian Konstitusional di Berbagai Negara, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2010), p.8

Jimly Asshiddiqie, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Tata Negara Jilid 2, (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi, 2006, 1st printed, p. 16

Jimly Asshiddiqie, Perkembangan dan Konsolidasi Lembaga Negara Pasca Reformasi, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2010), p. 29

Jimly Asshiddiqie, Perkembangan dan Konsolidasi Lembaga Negara Pasca Reformasi, (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2012), 2nd printed, p.130.

John Locke, Two Treatised of Government, (United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p.150

John Locke, Two Treatised of Government,… p 354-355

Joseph Raz, On the Authority and Interpretation of Constitution: Some Preliminaries” dalam Bagir Manan dan Susi Dwi Harjianti, Memahami Konstitusi: Makna dan Aktualisasi, p. x-xi.

K.C Wheare, Modern Constitution, (Oxford University Press, London, 1966), p. 1-2.

See the Constitutional Court Decision Number 112/PUU-XVIII/2022 concerning the review of Law Number 19 of 2019 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission.

See Constitutional Court Decision Number 29/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning Review of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections

See Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning Review of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections

See Constitutional Court Decision Number 96/PUU-XVIII/2020 concerning judicial review of Law Number 7 of 2020 concerning the Third Amendment to Law Number 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court, p. 146

See Ran Hirscl, Judicialization of Pure Politicsworldwide, op.cit., p. 727. .

Mardian Wibowo, “Menakar Konstitusionalitas sebuah Kebijakan Hukum Terbuka dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang”, Jurnal Konstitusi, Vol.12 No.02, Juni 2015, p.210

Mardian Wibowo, Dissertation “Makna Kebijakan Hukum Terbuka dalam Putusan Pengujian Undang-Undang di Mahkamah Konstitusi, Brawijaya University, 2017, p.145

Michael Allen dan Brian Thompson, Cases and Materiasl on Constitutional & Administrative Law, (London: Oxford University Press, 2002), p.14.

Montesquie, De l’esprit des lois, translated by Thomas Negent The Spirits of Laws, (Ontario : Batoche Books, 1752), p. 173

Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum, (Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group, 2015), p.137

Prabowo announces Gibran as Vice Presidential Candidate, What are the Political and Legal Consequences?, accessed via Pilpres 2024: Prabowo umumkan Gibran sebagai bakal cawapres, apa saja konsekuensi politik hingga hukumnya? - BBC News Indonesia, on 23 Oct 2023 at 09:23

Constitutional Court Decision Number 15/PUU-V/2007 concerning review of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government, p.56

Constitutional Court Decision Number 37-39/PUU-VIII/2010 concerning Review of Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission, p.59

Constitutional Court Decision Number 49/PUU-IX/2011 concerning Review of Law Number 8 of 2011 concerning Amendments to Law Number 24 of 2003 concerning the Constitutional Court

Constitutional Court Decision Number 072-073/PUU-II/2004 concerning Review of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government

Constitutional Court Decision number 90/PUU-XXI/2023,.. p.58

Decision Number 29/PUU-XXI/2023 concerning Review of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, pp.217-219

Rachel Sieders, “Cultures of Legality: Judicialization and Political Activism in Latin America”, Legal Studies Research Paper Series Paper No. 1118, Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 13

Ran Hirschal dalam Jasdeep Rhandawa, “Understanding Judicialization of Mega-Politics : The Basic Structure Doctrine and Minimum Core”, p. 5

Saldi Isra, Titik Singgung Wewenang Mahkamah Agung dengan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Authority connectivity of Supreme Court and Constitutional Court), Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Vol. 4 No.1 Maret 2015, p.18

Saldi Isra, Titik Singgung Wewenang Mahkamah Agung dengan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Authority connectivity of Supreme Court and Constitutional Court),… p.19

Sri Soemantri, “Fungsi Konstitusi Dalam Pembatasan Kekuasaan”, (Jurnal Hukum, Volume 3, Nomor 6, 1996), p. 3

Drafting Team, Comprehensive Text on Amendments to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945: Background, Process and Results of Discussions 1999-2002 Book VI Judicial Power, (Jakarta: Secretariat General and Registrar of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia, 2010), p. 27

Titi Anggraini, Melampaui Batas Usia, Media Indonesia accessed via Melampaui Batas Usia (mediaindonesia.com) on October 16 2023 at 15:22 WIB

Vicki C. Jackson dan Mark Tushnet, Comparative Constitutional Law, (New York: New York Foundation Press, 1999), p.456.

Yuliandri, Pembagian Wewenang dan Pertanggungjawaban Kekuasaan Kehakiman Pasca Amandemen UUD 1945, dalam Mohammad Fajrul Falaakh (Penyunting), Gagasan Amandemen UUD 1945 Suatu Rekomendasi, (Jakarta: Komisi Hukum Nasional, 2008), p. 62.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-26

How to Cite

Khan, A. R. B., & Agustin, R. (2024). The Judicialization of Politics on the Testing of the Constitutionality of the Age Limits of Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates by the Constitutional Court. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 4(4), 984–998. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v4i4.433